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THE MODERN ATOMIC MODEL • The Modern Model • Nucleus contains protons and neutrons • Cloudlike region surrounding nucleus contains moving electrons. PARTICLE CHARGES • The number of protons equals the number of electrons. • Neutrons do not affect the charge of the atom. PARTICLE MASSES • A Proton and a Neutron have about the same mass (1 amu). • Electrons mass are around 2,000 times less than protons and neutrons. • Protons and Neutrons contribute to most of the atom’s mass. SCALE AND SIZE OF ATOMES • Video ATOMIC NUMBER • Every atom of an element will always have the same number of protons • Carbon will always have 6 protons, oxygen will always have 8 protons, and iron will always have 26 protons. • The atomic number identifies an element, and is unique to that element and that element only! • Periodic Table ISOTOPES • Even though atoms will always have the same number of protons, this does not mean that they will always have the same number of neutrons. • Isotopes are when atoms have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. MASS NUMBER • To find the mass number of an isotope: • (Protons+Neutrons) • Most common isotope is Carbon-12 • (6 Protons+6Neutrons) • All carbon atoms will react the same even if they have different mass numbers. • Board Examples