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Speciation Notes SB5b: Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry, and the rates of evolution. SB5d: Relate natural selection to changes in organisms. Key Term Definition Example Is like when…(analogy) Variations that are helpful. Tiger Tall people are better at Adaptation strength basketball Adaptive Radiation When a single species evolves into several different species. Darwin’s Finches Cell phones – Verizon used to only have few phones but now they have a lot. How often a certain allele occurs in a population. Albino allele How often lightning strikes – not much but it is a big deal when it does. When two species are isolated by behaviors Birds of Paradise and their dances Someone doesn’t like someone else so they stay away. When two species evolve together both influencing the other. Gazelles – faster Cheetahs faster When two species live in the same environment, they often evolve to have similar characteristics Dolphins and sharks There used to be no steroids in sports now there are. So they had to change the rules. Then people figures out how to cheat so they had to change the rules again. Super Bowl: You have Packer fans and Steeler fans converging to support their teams, they both are fans of football even though the teams are really different. When changes in the environment cause a species to Butterflies Allele Frequency Behavioral Isolation Coevolution Convergent Evolution Once the super bowl is Divergent Evolution split into two or more different species. over the Patriots and Seahawks fans will diverge back to their respective territories. How populations change over time due forces Evolution beyond normal natural selection of Populations The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce. Fitness Genetic drift Founder effect A brown fawn will survive better than albino in nature. Change happens through random chance, like winning the lottery or getting into a car accident A black moth that has the same color as the tree bark will be more fit than a white moth. Founder Effect When a small part of a population moves to a new location. Bird dropping a see in a new area. When a bird carries a seed from one area to another, a new species is introduced. Gene Flow When individuals from one population move into another population. Caribou migrating to new location. When you move to a different state. The combined genetic information of a population. All the It is like all the alleles for alleles for the different eye colors in eye color in all of Paulding County. an area. In a small group, minor events can have a large Stepping Gene Pool The people that had to Genetic Drift Geographic Isolation Gradualism NonRandom Mating Population effect on the population. on bugs accidentall y eliminating from population. relocate because of Hurricane Katrina, changed the allele frequencies in New Orleans as a result of the storm. When two or more species are separated by a geographic feature, like mountains Grand Canyon Your friend moves to another state. The idea that evolution happens gradually and constantly Change in butterflies A mountain is formed When organisms choose mates. Mating does NOT occur through random chance Sexual Selection A person is picky about their spouse instead of just having random partners All the members of a species that live in a certain area. All deer in an area. The people in my subdivision The idea that most of the time, populations are not Abrupt When something is the Punctuated Equilibriu m Reproducti ve Isolation evolving. change Anything that prevent different species from sharing genes. Mating When two things can’t times of make babies wood frog and leopard frog. When a new species is formed. A change in butterfly color. When species reproduce at different times, they cannot share genes. Wood frog It is like when one pine and leopard tree sheds pollen in frog February, and the other in April, these two cannot breed. Each individual is different. Hair color Speciation Temporal Isolation Variation same but then it suddenly changes. The development of the new franchise the Houston Texans Is like height of people.