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What is this? What is an atom? Atoms are the basic unit of matter All matter is made up of tiny atoms Atom Smallest Unit of an Element – made of subatomic parts Molecule Atom O Oxygen H H Subatomic Parts Subatomic Parts Draw a basic sketch of an atom Nucleus: Dense/Heavy but tiny part of atom Found in center of an atom Electron cloud Around nucleuselectrons fly around http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=pV822HfqT44 There are two subatomic particles that make up the nucleus……. THE PROTON + p •Located in the nucleus •Has mass of : 1 amu • Positive Charge: +1 ° N THE NEUTRON • Located in the nucleus. •Has mass: 1 amu • Neutral Charge: 0 charge Nucleus is held together by a strong nuclear force http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=pV822HfqT44 Atomic Nucleus Summary The nucleus is a dense area at the center of the atom •Protons and neutrons are found in the atomic nucleus Electron cloud http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=pV822HfqT44 THE ELECTRON e • Found in the electron cloud •Almost no mass: 0 amu •Negative: -1 charge ½ Football Field 50 Nucleus Outer Edge of Atom End Zone Atoms are a lot of empty space! If we blew up an atom to the size of a dime, the electrons would be as far as ½ football field away! Electrons Summary Electrons have a relatively small mass compared to protons and neutrons Electrons are found far away from the nucleus in an area called the electron cloud Electrons have a negative charge Subatomic Particles (Draw this) Proton Location in the Atom Mass Charge Neutron Electron How small is an atom? Atoms are TINY! 20 million hydrogen atoms would fit inside the period at the end of this sentence. You are made of billions and billions of atoms WATCH BILL NYE>>>>>>>>>>> Protons + p Positive +1 Neutrons Electrons ° N e Neutral Negative 0 -1 ATOMS HAVE A NEUTRAL CHARGE The number of protons = the number of electrons Neutrally charged Atoms will have the same number of electrons as protons How can I tell which atom is which element? Every atom of an element has an ATOMIC SYMBOL- the letters representing the element Au, Ca etc. How can I tell which atom is which element? Every atom of an element has an **ATOMIC NUMBER – the number of protons + in an atom. Tells us what element the atom is.** Like a SS# for an element-unique Each element has a unique atomic number Example Carbon’s atomic number is 6, but Boron has an atomic number of 5 Every atom has an….. ATOMIC MASS (Mass #) – the number of protons + plus neutrons 0 in an atom. Example Carbon’s atomic number is 6, but its atomic mass is 12 6 protons and 6 neutrons + P e- + P 0 N What is the atomic number of this atom? 3 + P e- e- Calculating Mass/Neutrons etc. Element Atomic Mass # # As 33 75 How many Electrons neutrons? ? 42 78 Cs 55 133 Ti 22 26 N 7 11 48 14 23 12 Na 7 33 55 22 7 11 Review of Atomic Structure What is the basic unit of matter? • Atom What are the 3 subatomic particles? • Proton, Neutron, Electron What’s the electrical charge of a proton? • Positive (+) What’s the electrical charge of a neutron? • Neutral What’s the electrical charge of an electron? • Negative (-) How in the World Did They Figure All this Out!?! (5+ people) 1.Democritus (450 B.C.) •Came up with the idea that matter is composed of “tiny, indivisible particles” •Named them atomos (Greek) 2. John Dalton (1766-1844) •Dalton thought that atoms were hard, round, solid balls (like marbles) First atomic model 3. J. J. Thomson (1856-1940) •Discovered and named electrons •He defined electrons as particles with a negative charge 4. E. Rutherford (1871-1937) Discovered and named the nucleus Protons and mass concentrated at center of atom 5. Niels Bohr (1885-1962) Discovered that electrons exist in energy levels Electrons only have certain energies – they are quantized • Build An Atom – be creative Tips: • Those with an atomic number of 5 or less will need to build larger scale particles, compared to those with atomic numbers above 5 Look at examples up front, or use your own method • Guidelines: Don’t make models too small • The electron orbits should get bigger as you add them (see example) • Keep all electrons same color bead/ clay/ material etc. • All protons should be one color/type • All neutrons should be one color/type Make sure you attach a string 1 to 2 feet long to hang from ceiling.