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Name ______________________________ Date______________ Per _______ Unit 4.2 Test Review Earth and Its Layers 1. Label the layers of the earth. lithosphere continental crust asthenosphere oceanic crust mantle outer core inner core 2. Complete the Following Table about Earth’s layers Layer Crust Composition Thickness State of Matter O2, Si, Al, Ca, Fe, Na, K, Mg 5 to 40 km Solid Si, O2, Fe, Mg 2,900 km Solid Outer Core Fe, Ni 2,250km Liquid Inner Core Fe, Ni 1,200 km Solid Mantle Name ______________________________ Date______________ Per _______ 3. In which layer do convection currents occur? _______the mantle (asthenosphere)_______ 4. When a solid can move like a liquid, it is called ____plasticity________________________. 5. Explain how convection currents in the mantle move the crust above. The heating and cooling of the asthenosphere through convection currents set in motion the asthernosphere to be able to move like a fluid even though it is solid (plasticity). The lithospheric plates sit atop the asthenoshere, and thus when the asthenosphere moves, the plates (crust) move as well. 6. What two elements comprise most of Earth’s crust? ____O2 and Si (SiO2, silicon dioxide)_______ 7. What provides the force that moves tectonic plates? ____convection currents________________ Plate Tectonics 1. Describe the theory of Plate Tectonics. The theory states that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere (plates) are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents. The convection currents cause the asthenosphere portion of the mantle to be able to move like a liquid even though it is solid. Because the lithosphere is atop the asthenosphere, plate movement occurs.______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Name ______________________________ Date______________ Per _______ 2. Label the following plates from map below. xA.xxxx XB.x x.xx xxC.xx xxE. x xxx D. xxxx xxxx xxx x x x xxF.xxx A. ______Eurasian Plate____________________ D. ______South American Plate_________ B. ______North American Plate______________ E. ______African Plate________________ C. ______Pacific Plate______________________ F. ______Antartic Plate________________ Name ______________________________ Date______________ Per _______ Plate Boundaries 3. Match the following plate boundaries with the correct description. A plate boundary in which two plates move away from other. A plate boundary in which two plates move past each other in opposite directions. A plate boundary in which two plates move toward each other. Convergent, Divergent, and Transform Boundaries 4. Two geologic events that can occur when two plates converge are __mountain building_________ and ____deep-ocean trenchs (subduction)_. 5. What is sea floor spreading? ______The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor___________________________________________________________________ 6. We call underwater mountain chains that run through oceanic crust __mid-ocean ridges________. 7. In sea floor spreading, ___new_____ crust forms at mid-ocean ridges while _______older_______ crust is pushed away from the ridge. Name ______________________________ Date______________ Per _______ 8. If new oceanic crust is continually being created why isn’t the Earth getting bigger? Other parts of the oceanic crust is subducting and melting back into the mantle___________________________ 9. Describe subduction? _____the process in which one plate converges with another plate and the denser plate is forced under the less dense plate. The plate that is forced under is then recycled by Earth’s inner layers __________ 10. At a convergent boundary of an oceanic and a continental plate, the oceanic plate will subduct under the continental plate. What will form above the subduction zone? __________________ a deep-ocean trench___________________________________________________________ 11. At a convergent boundary, a collision between two pieces of continental crust of the same density produces __mountains_________________________________________________. 12. Continental crust is _more / less _ dense than oceanic crust. 13. When two plates slide past each other in opposite directions they can cause ____earthquakes____ such as those found along the San Andreas Fault in California. 14. A stress is a ____force____ that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume. 15. A fault is a ____break_____ in the crust where slabs of crust push past each other. Rocks on both sides of a fault can move up, down, or ___sideways_____ depending in the type of stress. Name ______________________________ Date______________ Per _______ 16. Volcanic eruptions occur along the edge of ___plate____ ____boundaries____ where plate movements allow ___magma____ to reach the surface through cracks in the crust. 17. Fill in the Plate Boundaries chart below: Type of Boundary Convergent Crustal Formation Oceanic – Oceanic 1. Trench_______________ 2. Volcanic Islands________ 1. Oceanic - Continental Trench_______________ Example Aleutian Islands____________ Andes Mountains__________ 2. Volcanic Mountains_____ Continental – Continental 1. Folded Mountains______ Himalayan Mountains_______ 18. Rift Valleys ____________ Divergent Mid-Atlantic Ridge__________ 19. Mid-Ocean Ridges_______ Transform Faults_________________ San Andreas Fault__________ Name ______________________________ Date______________ Per _______ Label each of the following: divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, trenches, mid-ocean ridges, and faults divergent convergent convergent trench trench faults mid-ocean ridge
