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Name: ________________________ Date: ___________ Hr: __________ Circle True or False: If false, replace the underlined word to now make the statement true. (1 pt each) 1. T or F: A normal human karyotype shows 23 chromosomes. 2. T or F: A cell spends most of its life in interphase. 3. T or F: Mitosis is the process of cell death. 4. T or F: Pollen is plant sperm. 5. T or F: Cell differentiation is a result of the production of sugars. 6. T or F: When a cell is completely undifferentiated and is able to be turn into any other kind of cell, it is called multipotent. 7. T or F: During meiosis, a cell undergoes 2 cell divisions. 8. T or F: The zygote is made up of three layers of cells called the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. 9. T or F: When an egg and sperm cell join to form a zygote, or fertilized egg, it is called meiosis. 10. T or F: Cells that are undifferentiated and have not become specialized cells yet are called cloning cells. 11. T or F: Meiosis results in four gametes that are diploid. 12. T or F: Chromosomes can exchange information and genetic material during early meiosis. This process is called homologous. Word Bank: Interphase Metaphase Anaphase Prophase Crossing over Cytokinesis Mitosis Meiosis Multiple Choice: 13. Non-disjunction Cloning Stem cells Proteins Lipids Fertilization Carbohydrates Pollen Ovule Totipotent Multipotent Blastocyst 2 divisions Gastrula 23 chromosomes Haploid Pleuripotent Diploid 3 divisions 46 chromosomes Choose the BEST answer and circle the letter for that choice. A fruit fly has 6 giant chromosomes. How many chromosomes would be in each of their cells at the end of Mitosis? a. b. c. d. e. 2 chromosomes 3 chromosomes 6 chromosomes 12 chromosomes 24 chromosome 14. In that same fruit fly, how many chromosomes would be in each of their cells at the end of Meiosis? a. b. c. d. e. 15. Where would Mitosis happen in that fruit fly? a. b. c. d. e. 16. metaphase anaphase interphase cytokinesis prophase A genetic counselor was looking at a patients karyotype and noticed that there were three of chromosome 13. What genetic disorder does this patient have? a. b. c. d. 20. centrioles cytoplasm spindle fibers mitochondria lysosomes At the end of mitosis and meiosis the cellular membrane starts to pinch in and then the cytoplasm is finally split to form two new cells. What is this phase or process called? a. b. c. d. e. 19. offspring cells new cells daughter cells mitotic cells none of the above Which organelle in the cell attaches to the chromosomes and helps to line up during mitosis and meiosis? a. b. c. d. e. 18. in the sex cells of the fruit fly, sperm and egg in the cells of the wing in the cells of the leg b and c, not a a, b and c At the end of mitosis and meiosis the new cells are called the: a. b. c. d. e. 17. 2 chromosomes 3 chromosomes 6 chromosomes 12 chromosomes 24 chromosomes Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome) Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome) Monosomy X (Turner Syndrome) XXY (Klinefelter’s Syndrome) The genetic counselor then looked at a female patients karyotype and noticed that she had only one sex chromosome. What genetic disorder does this patient have? a. b. c. d. Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome) Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome) Monosomy X (Turner Syndrome) XXY (Klinefelter’s Syndrome) 21. Cloning results in an organism that a. b. c. d. e. 22. A somatic cell is a. b. c. d. 23. sliding genes phenotype genes jumping genes multipotent genes The process where a scientist inserts a working copy of a gene is inserted directly into DNA where a mutation occurred is known as a. b. c. d. e. 25. A cell that is haploid A sex cell Any cell other than a sex cell A cell without a nucleus Barbara McClintock noticed that a certain kind of corn could have kernels of different colors. After her research, she discovered it was due to genes that could move around on chromosomes. What did she name them? a. b. c. d. 24. Has half the number of chromosomes that the original organism has is identical to the original organism the same color as the original organism A and B, not C B and C, not A jumping genes gene therapy cloning stem cell therapy none of the above Adult stem cells, such as pre-blood cells, are a. b. c. d. multipotent totipotent pluripotent none of the above Constructed Response Questions: 26. This is a picture of a mosquito’s chomosomes. In mosquitos, long noses are dominant over short noses. If this mosquito has a short nose, what is its genotype? (Use the letter “g” when writing the genotype) (1 pt) The trait for nose length is found on chromosome 3, label the genotype on this picture. (2 pts) ______________ 1 _______________ 2 _______________ 3 ______________ 4 _______________ 5 _______________ 6 27. How is cloning achieved? (describe the process) (3pts) 28. Look at the picture that is attached which describes how stem cells become specialized cells (differentiation). a. Briefly describe how stem cells become specialized (2 pts) b. 29. 30. Use the diagram and determine if it is possible for a smooth muscle cell to develop from the endoderm? Explain. (3 pts) List 2 differences and 2 similarities between meiosis and mitosis: (1 pt each) (remember that your similarities and differences should be explained in detail!!) Similarities: 1. Differences: 1. 2. 2. Imagine that you are a genetic counselor and you have to explain to one of your patients how their child inherited a genetic disorder, Trisomy 21, due to a problem during meiosis. Explain to them what meiosis is, how non-disjunction occurs, and how they ended up with a child that with an extra copy of chromosome 21. Use the words below to help you. (10 pts) Spermatogenesis Oogenesis Spindle fibers Centrioles Divisions Meiosis Fertilization Gamete Haploid Diploid Zygote Sperm Egg