Download Civil War PASS Review

Civil War PASS Review
Comparing the North and South
Sectionalism – The differences in the North and the South caused sectionalism. Sectionalism is a
loyalty to a section or part of the country rather than the whole country.
Mason Dixon Line – The boundary between the North and the South located on the border between
Maryland and Pennsylvania.
Geographic features
Views on slavery
Economy
Population growth
Location in relation to the
Mason Dixon Line
Education
The North
The South
Rocky soil, much shorter
growing season. Natural
harbors, abundance of
lumber, and swift flowing
rivers provided water
power for the factories
Emancipated their slaves
in response to the
Declaration of
Independence, not
dependent on slave labor.
Believed in a free labor
system.
Shipbuilding and
commerce, no cash
crops, factories were built
Population grew more
quickly due to the
industrial revolution and
immigration. Majority of
the people still lived on
farms.
North of the Mason Dixon
Line
A well established
tradition because of the
early Puritan insistence.
The type and amount of
varied depending on
gender and social class.
Fertile soil, temperate
climate, abundance of
rivers for the
transportation of products
to market.
Believed in a slave labor
system. Dependence on
slavery intensified after
the invention of the cotton
gin.
Cash crops, agricultural
region, large plantations
Geographic isolation –
most people lived on
farms and in small towns.
Small population
South of the Mason Dixon
Line
Access to education was
a social and racial
privilege not open to
everyone. Little
opportunity for public
education.
Abolitionist Notes
William Lloyd Garrison
Sojourner Truth
Started an abolitionist newspaper called
The Liberator.
Spoke out strongly against slavery.
Escaped Slavery
Became a preacher
Made speeches against slavery.
Frederick Douglas
Harriet Tubman
Escaped slavery
Made speeches against slavery.
Escaped slavery
Conductor on the Underground RR
Rescued over 300 slaves in 19 trips
Harriet Beecher Stowe
John Brown
Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Which exposed the cruelties of slavery and
changed many people’s minds.
Believed in using force and violence to
fight against slavery.
Instigator of violence in Kansas leading to
“Bleeding Kansas”
Led a group to attempt stealing guns from
a U.S. armory for a slave revolt.
Caught, convicted and hanged.
Important Key Battles/Events of the Civil War
Fort Sumter
Federal troops were surrounded at Fort Sumter in the middle of Charleston Harbor. Union troops were
ordered to surrender by the Confederates. Union troops would not. Jefferson Davis ordered Confederate
troops to fire on the fort. Civil War begins.
Bull Run
Early on in the battle, the fighting went in the Union’s favor. Some Confederate soldiers began to turn back,
but one general told his men to hold their place. Because the general and his men stood ‘like a stone wall’, he
became known as Thomas ‘Stonewall’ Jackson. Union soldiers retreated.
Battle of Gettysburg
This fight was the turning point of the Civil War because the Confederate Army was so severely wounded that
they never again had the military strength to attempt an invasion of the North.
Gettysburg Address
Four months after the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address to dedicate part of
the battlefield as a National Cemetery to honor the men who had been killed in battle. It was a two minute
speech. Lincoln said that his intention was to preserve the Union and democracy and that “government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”.
Emancipation Proclamation
An order issued by President Lincoln that freed the slaves in all the states that had left the Union. It did not
free the slaves that were living in the states that were still loyal to the United States. The Confederate states did
not recognize the authority of the President of the U.S., so they did not obey his order. Slaves were freed only
as the Union army liberated them. However, the proclamation made the war one to liberate slaves.
Battle of Vicksburg
Union forces began a blockade of the city of Vicksburg. They bombarded Vicksburg with cannon fire by land
and sea for 48 days. Finally, the Southerners surrendered Vicksburg. The Confederacy was cut in two.
Surrender at Appomattox
After four years of fighting, Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant
at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
Leaders in the Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth
President of the United States. Lincoln
was against the expansion of slavery to the
territories, but he was not an abolitionist.
Abraham Lincoln wanted to preserve
the Union. In 1863, Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation that said all
slaves in the Confederate states are to be
free. He honored all the soldiers who lost
their lives in the war in the Gettysburg
address. Lincoln was assassinated shortly
after the surrender at Appomattox
Courthouse.
Jefferson Davis was the President of
the Confederate States of America and
also commander-in-chief of the
Confederate Army. Jefferson Davis had
little power because the Confederate
states believed in states’ rights.
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant was a general in the
Union Army. Grant won the Battle of
Vicksburg that split the Confederacy in two
at the Mississippi River. Ulysses S. Grant
started the new strategy of total war.
He accepted the surrender of Confederate
troops under Robert E. Lee at Appomattox
Courthouse.
Robert E. Lee was a leader in the
Confederate Army. Robert E. Lee found
it difficult to choose sides in the war
because he was loyal to his country,
but did not want to fight against his
friends and family. Lee surrendered to
General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.
African Americans in the war: African Americans fought for the North. They were not allowed to be
soldiers at first. Once they were allowed to be soldiers, they were not paid the same as white
soldiers. They served as cooks, spies, and soldiers.
Women: Women served as cooks, nurses, spies, and even soldiers. Many women ran their family
businesses while their husbands were fighting. Clara Barton was a nurse who started the Red Cross.
4-6.6 Explain the impact of the Civil War on the nation, including its effects on the physical
environment and on the people – soldiers, women, African Americans, and the civilian
population as a whole.
Physical Environment
People
North
Affected very little
South
The South was devastated.
-Young men fought
-Soldiers endured a long and difficult war
-Men were injured and many died
Economy
*Growth of businesses and
factories.
*Government printed
paper money that retained
its value after the war.
Social Effects - women
Women served as nurses or
workers in factories during
the war. Others rolled
bandages or knitted socks
at home to send to the
soldiers.
-Some ran away from the plantations
-Others worked the fields and waited
-Some joined the Union army
-Looked for loved ones sold away
-Simply left because they had their freedom
-Few freedmen went to the North
-Some returned to their old plantations where many
found work as sharecroppers.
-Sought an education
Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was lenient because he
wanted the country to be reunited as quickly and
painlessly as possible. His assassination caused a
disruption in the rebuilding of the nation.
Social Effects – AfricanAmericans
Political Effects
*Large plantation owners
lost a large portion of their
wealth as well as their
labor force.
*Confederate paper money
was worthless after the
war.
Women were left to
manage their families and
continue operating the
farms and plantations.
They also served as nurses.