Download magnetic fields - Northside Middle School

24
MAGNETIC FIELDS
Vocabulary Review
Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once.
armature
galvanometer
domain
magnetic field
electric motor
magnetic flux
electromagnet
polarized
solenoid
1. _________________________
A long coil of wire that contains many loops is called a(n) ____ .
2. _________________________
A group of neighboring atoms whose electrons’ magnetic fields
all align in the same direction is called a(n) ____ .
3. _________________________
____ exist in a region of space where a magnetic force occurs.
4. _________________________
A(n) ____ is a device that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
5. _________________________
The number of magnetic field lines that pass through a surface
is called ____ .
6. _________________________
A magnet created when there is a current through a coil of wire
is a(n) ____ .
7. _________________________
A(n) ____ is a device used to measure very small currents.
8. _________________________
A magnet is ____ , which means that it has two distinct and
opposite ends.
9. _________________________
A(n) ____ is a wire coil in an electric motor made of many loops
mounted on a shaft or axle.
Chapter 24  Magnetic Fields
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SECTION 1 Understanding Magnetism
In your textbook, read about general properties of magnets.
For each statement below, write true or rewrite the italicized part to make the statement true.
1. _________________________
When a magnet is allowed to swing freely, it comes to rest aligned
in an east–west direction.
2. _________________________
A compass is a small magnet mounted so that it is free to turn.
3. _________________________
Like poles attract each other.
4. _________________________
Magnets do not always have two opposite magnetic poles.
5. _________________________
If Earth is considered to be a giant magnet, the south pole of the
magnet is near Earth’s geographic north pole.
6. _________________________
Heating a permanent magnet can demagnetize it.
In your textbook, read about magnetic fields around permanent magnets.
Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences.
7. How could you show the magnetic field around a magnet?
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8. What does magnetic flux mean in terms of both magnetic field lines and magnetic field
strength?
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9. Describe the direction and shape of the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet.
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10. Describe three things that happen when a sample made of iron, cobalt, or nickel is placed in the
magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
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Chapter 24  Magnetic Fields
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In your textbook, read about electromagnetism.
Refer to the figures at right to answer questions 11–15. Use complete sentences.
11. What is the direction of the conventional current in the top
figure?
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12. Is the magnetic field stronger at Point A or Point B?
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13. Describe the direction of the magnetic field inside and
outside the loop in the middle drawing.
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14. In the bottom drawing of an electromagnet, which end is
the magnetic north pole?
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15. What are three ways you can increase the strength of the
magnetic field around an electromagnet?
____________________________________________________
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In your textbook, read about magnetic materials at the microscopic level.
For each of the statements below, write true or false.
________
16. The magnetic fields of the electrons in a group of neighboring atoms cannot be
combined.
________
17. When a piece of iron is not in a magnetic field, the domains point in random
directions.
________
18. In permanent magnets, the domains point in random directions.
________
19. In a computer, a small solenoid is used to record information on a disk coated
with ferromagnetic material.
________
20. The direction of magnetization in rocks on the seafloor varies, indicating that the
north and south poles of Earth have reversed many times.
Chapter 24  Magnetic Fields
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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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SECTION 2 Applying Magnetic Forces
In your textbook, read about forces on moving charges in magnetic fields.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement.
1. The force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is _____ both the direction of the
magnetic field and the direction of current.
a. parallel to
c. opposite
b. at right angles to
d. independent of
2. The magnitude of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is proportional to _____ .
a. the strength of the field, the current in the wire, and the length of the wire in the
magnetic field
b. the strength of the field only
c. the strength of the field and the current in the wire
d. the strength of the field, the current in the wire, and the potential difference across
the wire
3. The strength of a magnetic field is measured in _____ .
a. newtons
c. amperes
b. teslas
d. volts
4. The direction of Earth’s magnetic field is toward the _____ .
a. equator
c.
south magnetic pole
b. north magnetic pole
d. surface
Refer to the figures at right to answer questions 5–7. Use complete
sentences.
5. In the top figure, what is the direction of the force on the
current-carrying wire?
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6. In the middle figure, what is the direction of the force on
the current-carrying wire?
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7. Are the current-carrying wires in the bottom figure attracted
or repelled?
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Chapter 24  Magnetic Fields
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In your textbook, read about earbuds.
For each statement below, write true or false.
________
8.
The force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is used in earbuds.
________
9.
The force exerted on the coil of wire in a magnetic field in an earbud pushes the
coil into or out of the field, depending on the direction of the current.
________
10. Earbuds change electrical energy directly into sound energy.
________
11. The motion of the coil in a loudspeaker causes the cone to vibrate, which creates
sound waves.
In your textbook, read about galvanometers.
Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once.
current
loop
parallel
torque
direction
magnetic field
proportional
voltmeter
down
multiplier
series
wire
galvanometers
(12) __________________________ that exert forces on a loop of wire carrying a current can be used
to measure very small currents. A small loop of (13) __________________________ that is carrying a
current is placed in the strong magnetic field of a permanent magnet. The current through
the (14) __________________________ goes in one end and out the other. The
(15) __________________________ of the force on the wire resulting from the magnetic field
can be determined by using a right-hand rule. One side of the loop is forced
(16) __________________________ ; the other side is forced up. The resulting
(17) __________________________ rotates the loop. The magnitude of the torque acting on the loop
is proportional to the magnitude of the (18) __________________________ . This principle is used in
(19) __________________________ to measure small currents. A small spring in a galvanometer
exerts a torque that opposes the torque resulting from the current. Thus the amount of torque is
(20) __________________________ to the current. A galvanometer can be used as a(n)
(21) __________________________ or an ammeter. A galvanometer can be converted to an ammeter
by connecting it in (22) __________________________ with a resistor that has a resistance smaller than
that of the galvanometer. To convert a galvanometer to a voltmeter, the galvanometer is connected in
(23) __________________________ with a resistor called a (24) __________________________ .
Chapter 24  Magnetic Fields
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In your textbook, read about the force on a single charged particle.
Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences.
25. The force produced by a magnetic field on a single electron depends on what three factors?
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26. Why is the direction of the force on an electron in a magnetic field opposite the direction given
by the right-hand rule?
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In your textbook, read about storing information with magnetic media.
Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences.
27. How are bits stored on computer hard drives?
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28. How are data retrieved from a computer hard drive?
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Chapter 24  Magnetic Fields
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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Study Guide
Teacher Support
MAGNETIC FIELDS
10. The field lines become concentrated
within the sample. The end of the sample
closest to the magnet’s north pole
becomes the sample’s south pole. The
sample is attracted to the magnet.
All numerical answers have been rounded to
the correct number of significant figures.
Vocabulary Review
1. solenoid
11. The direction of the conventional current
is down.
2. domain
12. The magnetic field is stronger at Point A.
3. magnetic fields
13. Inside the loop, the magnetic field is into
the page. Outside the loop, it is out of the
page.
4. electric motor
5. magnetic flux
14. The left end is the magnetic north pole.
6. electromagnet
8. polarized
15. Place an iron rod inside the coil, increase
the number of loops around the core, or
increase the current in the coil.
9. armature
16. false
7. galvanometer
17. true
SECTION 1 Understanding
18. false
Magnetism
19. true
1. north-south
20. true
2. true
SECTION 2 Applying Magnetic
3. repel
Forces
4. always
5. true
1. b
6. true
2. a
7. Place iron filings around the magnet.
They rotate until each is parallel to the
magnetic field. The filings become small
magnets by induction.
3. b
4. c
5. The force is down.
8. Magnetic flux is the number of magnetic
field lines through a surface. The flux per
unit area is proportional to the strength of
the magnetic field. The magnetic flux is
most concentrated at the poles of a
magnet. This is where the magnetic field
strength is the greatest.
6. The force is up.
7. They are attracted.
8. true
9. true
10. false
9. Outside the magnet, the field lines come
out of the north pole, loop around the
outside, and enter at the south pole.
11. true
12. magnetic fields
Chapter 24  Magnetic Fields
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Study Guide
Teacher Support
13. wire
26. The electron has a negative charge;
conventional current has a positive
charge.
14. loop
15. direction
27. The surface of a computer hard drive is
covered with ferromagnetic material.
The disk drive’s read/write head is an
electromagnet that causes the domains
of atoms in the disk to line up in bands.
Two bands magnetized with the poles
oriented the same direction represent a
“0.” Two bands with poles oriented
opposite directions represent
a “1.”
16. down
17. torque
18. current
19. galvanometers
20. proportional
21. voltmeter
28. No current is sent to the read/write head.
Instead, the magnetized bands in the disk
induce current in the coil in the head. The
computer interprets the changes in
direction of the current as 0s and 1s.
22. parallel
23. series
24. multiplier
25. The force depends on the velocity of the
electron, the strength of the field, and the
angle between the directions of the
velocity and the field.
Chapter 24  Magnetic Fields
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