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Glossary Acronyms Note: this list also shows whether words should include upper or lower case. BDF broadcast data feed BIO Broadcast Information Office BOC Broadcast Operations Centre BOH back of house BTP Broadcast Training Programme BVM Broadcast Venue Manager CAD computer aided design CATV closed access television system CCP com-cam position CCR Commentary Control Room CCU commentary control unit CDU Contribution, Distribution and Unilateral Centre CEP Cultural and Education Programme CIS Commentator Information System CLO Chief Liaison Officer CMO Construction Maintenance Office CPE Customer Premises Equipment CSC Commentary Switching Centre CU commentator unit DAP digital analogue panel DDS direct and dedicated (Bus) system (Games transport) D&T data & timing DX distribution EB (IOC) Executive Board ECP equipped commentary position ENG electronic news gathering ENR electronic non-rights holder FF&E furniture, fixtures and equipment FOH front of house Glossary FOP field of play GFX graphics GHz gigahertz (unit of frequency equal to a billion Hertz) HB Host Broadcaster (on accreditation) HD high definition HD-SDI High definition serial digital interface HDTV high definition television HH hand-held (camera) HSRP Hot Standby Routing Protocol HSSM High Speed Slow Motion HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning Hz unit of frequency (one cycle per second) IBC International Broadcast Centre IDF internet data feed IF International Federation IOC International Olympic Committee IM Information Manager IP internet protocol IPC International Paralympic Committee IRD integrated receiver decoder ISAN international standard audiovisual number ISDN integrated services digital network IS-RA international sound for radio IS-TV international sound for television ITVR international television and radio (signals) LO Liaison Officer LPU lightweight production unit LRB low resolution browser MADI multichannel audio digital interface MCF multi-clips feed MCR Master Control Room MDS master delivery schedule MDS Multi-channel Distribution Service MHz megahertz (one million hertz) MMC Main Media Centre MPC Main Press Centre MU mobile unit MULTI multilateral MZ mixed zone NLE non-linear editing NOC National Olympic Committee Glossary NTSC national television system committee (Analogue SD) OB outside broadcast OBS Olympic Broadcasting Services OCOG Organising Committee for the Olympic Games OCS Olympic Channel Services ODF Olympic data feed OIAC Olympic identity and accreditation card OLV Olympic Village ONA Olympic News Agency ONC Olympic News Channel ONS Olympic News Service OPP Occasional Presentation Position OR Olympic Record ORRO Olympic Radio Frequency Regulatory Office OTD Olympic transition device (graphic) OVP Olympic Video Player OVR on-venue results PA public address system PAL phase alternating line (TV system) PIAC Paralympic identity and accreditation card PGM program circuit (audio circuit) PM Production Manager POP point-of-presence POTF partially outside the fence POV point of view (camera) PQC Production Quality Control RF radio frequency RHB Rights Holding Broadcaster RHBs Rights Holding Broadcasters (note: no apostrophe) RRS referee results systems RT Rights Holding Broadcasters (on accreditation) RTDS real-time data system RU rack unit RX receive SAD Supplementary access device SAT satellite (note: often relates to ´Satellite Farm´) SD standard definition SDI serial digital interface SNG satellite news gathering (vehicle) SSM super slow motion (replay) TC time code TM media transport system TOC Technical Operations Centre TX transmission Glossary UNI unilateral UPS uninterrupted power supply VandA video and (associated) audio (circuit) VAPP vehicle access parking permit VAS video archive server VJ Video Journalist (one person camera-reporter-editor) VPT venue production team VSR venue survey report VTM Venue Technical Manager VTR video tape recorder WADA World Anti-Doping Agency WBB World Broadcast Briefing WBM World Broadcaster Meeting WCATV wireless CATV WR world record YOG Youth Olympic Games Glossary As with abbreviations, we thought it may prove useful to also include a Glossary of Terms to help explain any additional broadcast specific phrases. A Ambient Sound: background stadium noise. International sound. Analogue Signal: an electrical signal that varies continuously. Aspect Ratio: the relationship between the horizontal and vertical elements of a picture. Eg 4:3 (1.33:1) or 16:9 (1.178:1). B Back Of House (BOH): non-public areas, within and/or surrounding a venue located after the accreditation point. Typically, BOH includes: Organising Committee operational areas; Host Broadcaster operational facilities; loading docks, administration offices, construction and broadcast compounds; drop off areas; parking; storage; etc. B-roll: generic material for broadcast, containing no specific action or event but general or supplementary footage. Used mainly to intercut with the main focus of a film report. Bandwidth: amount of frequency, or date range, required to transmit or store electronic information. Bandwidth is measured in Hertz (Hz) or bits per second (baud). C Clean Feed: the International Television Signal, complete with camera and Glossary tape video sources and Olympic Replay Transition device, but excluding results graphics. Coaxial Cable (Coax): a concentric transmission line composed of a conductor centred inside metallic tube or shield, separated by dielectric material and usually covered by an insulating jacket. Codec - Encoder-Decoder: an electronic device that converts analogue signals (audio and video) into digital for transmission over telecommunications networks and performs the reverse operation when receiving. The same terminology is applied for equipment that converts electrical digital audio and video signals to optical signals for transmission over Fibre Optic networks and the reverse operation when receiving. Com-cam: a remote controlled camera in a commentary position. Computer Aided Design (CAD): this application acts as a key planning tool by creating detailed engineering and production design overlays for the venues and IBC. D Demarcation (DEMARC): termination point for video, audio, voice and data services. Designation: circuit number or identifier of a telecom channel. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): Internet, voice and date line allowing constant access to the internet. Digital Video Effects (DVE): a digital process device which manipulates video signals in real-time to create television effects such as image shrink, warp, page turns, rotation, etc. Dirty Feed: the International Television Signal with camera and tape video sources and Olympic Replay Transition device, including results and timing/ scoring graphics. Distribution Amplifier (DA): device used to replicate an audio or video signal. Dry Pairs: a pair of wires used to connect customer provided equipment, or as the user assigns. Dub: a copy of a video or audio recording, a duplicate. F Fibre Optics (F/O): fibre optic cable is a high-speed data transmission medium. It contains tiny glass or plastic filaments that carry light beams. Digital data is transmitted through the cable via rapid pulses of light. Fibre Optic cable transmission is immune to most electromagnetic interference and common noise. Fit-out: a construction process of adapting existing venues and facilities for use by the Host Broadcaster and RHBs. Footprint: an area designated to contain a piece of technical equipment that does not normally require construction. 4-Wire: an audio circuit providing simultaneous two-way communication. The circuits are terminated at both ends in two pairs of wires (making total of four wires). Usually used as commentary or coordination circuit. Direction from the origin (i.e. venue CCR) to the destination (i.e. CSC in IBC) is called “Transmit” (TX) and from the destination to the origin is called “Receive” (RX). Frame Synchroniser: digital video device that “locks” a video signal to a known timing reference (i.e. Black burst), usually used for incoming video signals from a venue or remote which is not synchronized. Front of House (FOH): the area of a competition venue that the general public or spectators can access. Glossary H High demand events: popular events/sports where media numbers exceed the safe capacity of the venue media facilities and therefore additional access devices are required. These devices may be in the form of tickets, armbands, or stickers. High demand events are limited as much as possible, but often include Opening/Closing Ceremonies and other popular events. Host Broadcaster: a single broadcast organisation responsible for providing the images and sounds of a major sporting event as a service to all other broadcast organisations that have paid for the rights to transmit the event. I Impedance: the opposition to the flow of alternating current in a circuit, represented by the letter “Z” and measured in ohms, impedance is the combination of resistance, inductance and capacitance of the circuit Injection Point: a bookable facility, located in the venue compound (usually in the TOC) and consisting of a videotape play-back machine and four-wire coordination circuit, used to send pre-recorded programming to the RHB’s area in the IBC or directly to the home country. International Broadcast Centre (IBC): the hub of all broadcast activity during the Olympic Games, which serves as a workplace and technical base for all Host Broadcast and RHB personnel. International Federation (IF): the International Sports Federations are international non-governmental organisations recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as administering one or more sports at world level. The IFs have the responsibility and duty to manage and to monitor the everyday running of the world’s various sports disciplines, including for those on the programme, the practical organisation of events during the Games. IOC: the International Olympic Committee is an international non-profit, nongovernmental organisation that is responsible for ensuring the regular celebration of the Olympic Games, supporting all affiliated member organisations of the Olympic Movement and encouraging the promotion of the Olympic values. L Lockdown: commencement of a venue operational phase. It is a restrictive entry period requiring security screening and a form of accreditation. M Modem: short for modulator – demodulator. Typically used to transmit and receive digital data over an analogue transmission medium. Multi-channel Distribution Service (MDS): Olympic feed of various channels provided by OBS to Rights Holding Broadcasters who have subscribed to the service, and delivered via an encrypted satellite. Non Rights Holder: non Rights Holders are media organisations that have not paid an Olympic rights fee and may not cover any Olympic event live. If accredited, they may attend news conferences and may do live stand-ups outside a venue (where permissible). Typically their accreditations are identified as “ENR.” N National Olympic Committee (NOC): a National Olympic Committee (NOC) is a national constituent of the worldwide Olympic movement. Subject to the controls of the International Olympic Committee, NOCs are responsible for organising their people’s participation in the Olympic Games. O Occasional (Bookable) Facility: technical or production service, facility or Glossary equipment provided by the Host Broadcaster available to RHBs on a temporary (occasional) basis including stand-up positions, video injections, off-tube commentary positions, etc. Observer Seats: spectator-type seats located adjacent to the commentary positions at the venues for use by RHBs for working purposes. OCOG: Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. A local entity established in each host city to oversee the planning and development of the Olympic Games within that city. Off-Tube : commentary position without a view to the field of play. Usually established in an enclosed space and most often located inside the IBC. It is technically similar to a commentary position where commentators watch the competition on a television screen, as opposed to a direct view of the event. Olympic Family: the ‘Olympic Family’ is a term used by the IOC to describe a wide range of accredited personnel. The IOC categorises the Olympic Family into six broad client groups as follows: National Olympic Committees (NOC), athletes and team officials; workforce; media; International Federations (IFs); International Olympic Committee (IOC) Marketing Partners. Olympic News Service (ONS): OCOG services responsible for providing editorial content for the INFO system. Olympic News Channel (ONC): news channel operated by OBS which is made up of a continuous stream of programmes on the sport competition and the host city, as well as athlete interviews and event highlights. Olympic Television News Agency (ONA): ad hoc news agency operated by the OCOG that provides news coverage of the Games and related events to worldwide news agencies and other non Rights Holding Broadcasters following IOC policy Olympic Village: the accommodations where athletes stay during the Games. The village has an area called the ‘International Zone’, where accredited Media are allowed to enter. P Point of View (POV) Camera: camera placed in a strategic position to give the effect of being part of the action. Cameras used for this position may be called net-cams, mini cams, lipstick cams, pencil cams, pin cams, etc. Program (PGM) Circuit: a circuit used to transmit commentary mixed with International Sound. Sometimes used to identify the transmission direction of a commentary circuit or the output of the Commentary Control Unit (CCU). R Repeater: a receiver and transmitter combination used to regenerate an attenuated signal. RGB: RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue and is a type of component video signal separated into those separate colour channels. Rights Holding Broadcaster (RHB): a broadcast organisation that has paid for the rights to broadcast the Olympic Games. Run-Ups/Run-Outs: the introductory and closing sequences before and after the television broadcast. S Shading: process in which the video operator adjusts the image contrast, colour and black and white levels of the incoming video. Shield: a tape or braid of metal, usually copper or aluminium, to prevent signal leakage or interference to a cable or other electronic equipment. Signal: the information conveyed through a telecommunication system. Glossary T Transponder: satellite’s own receiver and transmitter. Triax: a coax-type of camera cable that includes three conductors. Turn Key: contractual arrangement in which one party designs and installs a system or facility and “turns over the key” to another party with all installations complete and in a state of readiness for its intended use. U Unilateral: term used to denote that which pertains to and is used exclusively by RHBs. Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS): temporary power source, usually battery powered that is used as back up when conventional power source has failed. W World Broadcaster Briefing / Meeting (WBB / WBM): over the course of the planning phase, OBS holds annual meetings in conjunction with the OCOGs, in order to update the RHBs on the progress of the production, technical and operational plans for the upcoming Olympic Games. These meetings are referred to as either a World Broadcaster Briefing or World Broadcaster Meeting, depending on the size and number of participants.