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Exploration of the New World Economic Factors • Europeans wanted to explore the New World so they could make money and own more land. • New World: North America & South America • European Countries: Portugal, Spain, & England SC Standard: 4-1.2 Age of Exploration (1400s – 1600s) • It was a time when people from different continents and countries began exploring and trading with each other. • Merchants from Asia (far east) introduced spices to people in Europe. They traded spices for a profit. • Europeans wanted more goods from the East (Asia), but didn’t want to pay the “middle man.” • Portugal was the first country to seek a water route to Asia so they wouldn’t have to pay to have the goods delivered. -they were the first to seek a water route to Asia because of their location on the Atlantic Ocean and their great leader, Prince Henry “Prince Henry the Navigator” • Prince Henry’s goal was to sail around the tip of Africa to Asia. -he never went on the voyages -it never happened during his lifetime -Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama reached Asia in 1498, 30 years after Prince Henry died • Even though his ships never reached Asia, they profited from things found in Africa. -they brought home African gold -participated in the slave trade, the buying and selling of human beings • Eventually, the Portuguese also explored the New World. Political Factors “competition between nation-states” • Spain becomes jealous of Portugal’s new wealth. • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella decide to send Christopher Columbus to explore the New World. -the Spanish found gold and silver which made them the most powerful nation in Europe • England become interested in the New World because of the gold & silver found by Spain. • English monarchs decide to send explorers to the New World. -over next few centuries, England becomes dominant country in the settlement of North America Technological Factors • Advancements in shipbuilding: -caravel – a smaller, faster ship with triangular sails that could sail into the wind • Improvements in navigational skills allowed sailors to venture further out to sea: -astrolabe – measures the height of the sun above the horizon Technology cont. -compass – tells direction you are heading and always finds true North • The reading of stars/constellations helped sailors navigate at night. -they were able to plot their location and course • cartography – the art of map making -it allowed them to share their knowledge of the world with others -it was taught at the Portuguese School of Navigation -cartographer – person who makes maps What were the three reasons a man might decide to volunteer to become an explorer? God, gold, and glory PART II: Explorers SC Standard: 4-1.2 VIKINGS • Leif Eriksson – a Viking from Greenland -he sailed the northern Atlantic Ocean & settled in North America for a short time -he called North America “Vinland” -the Vikings didn’t have a good relationship with other Europeans, so they didn’t share their discovery -because of this, North America remained unknown to most Europeans Eriksson’s Route Viking Ship Spanish Explorers 1). Christopher Columbus • sailed for Spain looking for a new & faster route to the Far East • he sailed west because the Portuguese controlled the eastern route around Africa & because he thought the world was small enough to do so • he was NOT 1st person to believe world was round – most educated people of the time thought this, too • he did NOT reach his goal to bring back riches from the far east -INSTEAD, he discovered the lands and wealth of North and South America In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. (He sailed the oceans 4 times.) Columbus’ 3 Ships Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria 2). Ferdinand Magellan • 1st expedition to sail around the world (1519-1522) • he was killed before the journey was complete, but his expedition claimed more lands for Spain • his crew proved sailing around world was possible, but at great costs 3). Hernando de Soto • Spanish Conquistador – a Spanish conqueror who came to the Americas in the 1500s • He explored the southeastern United States & claimed its land for Spain English Explorers 1). John Cabot -sailed for England -was looking for a quicker route to the Far East known as the Northwest Passage (he never found it because it doesn’t exist) -he claimed all land he found for England John Cabot’s Voyages 2). Henry Hudson -he sailed for both the Netherlands and England -while searching for the NW Passage, he claimed & mapped New York and Canada -New York: claimed for the Dutch (Hudson River & Hudson Bay named for him) -Canada: claimed for the English French Explorer 1). Robert LaSalle -explored for France -he explored the Mississippi River to its mouth in the Gulf of Mexico -he named the area Louisiana, claiming it for France LaSalle’s Routes The motivation of most explorers was “GOD, GOLD, and GLORY” for themselves & their countries.