Download Ecosystems, Populations, Communities Name: Date - Problem

Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
Name:
1.
Date:
In a given location, the replacement of one
community by another until a climax stage is
reached is referred to as
A.
ecological succession
B.
modern evolution
C.
energy cycling
D. a food pyramid
2.
The sequence A through E represents stages of ecological succession in a given area.
Which diagram shows the greatest number of pioneer organisms?
A.
3.
A
B.
C.
E
What caused succession to occur in stages A through E ?
A.
importation of organisms that have no natural enemies
B.
each community modifying the environment
C.
urban development disrupting natural habitats
D. technological oversights leading to air pollution
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C
D. D
4.
A farmer abandons one of his elds, and over the
years he notices that one community is replaced by
another community. This replacement represents
part of
A.
a food chain
B.
an abiotic community
C.
a pyramid of energy
5.
The diagram shows the types of plants which
grew in a farm eld in the 200 years after it was
abandoned. Di erent types of plants appeared and
disappeared during this time.
D. an ecological succession
The nal stage represented in the diagram most
probably is located in which biome?
A.
tundra
B.
taiga
C.
temperate deciduous forest
D. tropical rain forest
6.
The diagrams shown of four stages of succession and on your knowledge of biology. [The diagrams do not
represent stages in their proper order.]
I
II
III
IV
Which community would be predominantly pioneer organisms?
A.
I
B.
II
C.
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III
D. IV
Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
7.
Years after the lava from an erupting volcano
destroyed an area, lichens started to grow in that
area. These were gradually replaced by grasses,
shrubs, conifers, and nally by a deciduous forest.
8.
The process described is known as
Mangrove trees grow in the water on the edge of
a subtropical island. In time, grass-like plants will
grow on the same spot. Still later, palm trees will
grow there. Given enough time (and no natural
disasters), all these plants will be gone, and a
stable pine forest will stand where the mangroves
once grew. These changes best describe steps
involved in
A.
photosynthesis
B.
species preservation
A.
the heterotroph hypothesis
C.
ecological succession
B.
ecological succession
C.
energy cycles
D. conservation
D. the water cycle
9.
The diagrams represent events that occurred during succession in a pond.
600
B
A
D
C
Which organism is one of the rst autotrophs to appear in this succession?
A.
frog
B.
aquatic plant
C.
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tree
D.
sh
Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
10.
11.
All the cottontail rabbits in a country would
represent
A.
a community
B.
C.
a population
D. an ecosystem
14.
a biome
The diagram shown illustrates a lake ecosystem.
Animal life is not included in the diagram. The
diagram is divided into nine sections which are
identi ed by the letter of the row and the number
of the column in which they are located.
Which occurs within self-sustaining ecosystems?
A.
Consumers produce most of the oxygen.
B.
Consumers eventually outnumber producers.
C.
Energy is created and destroyed.
D. Organisms interact with their environment.
12.
13.
In an ecosystem, the ultimate source of all energy
is
Which section represents a stage of lake succession
more advanced than stages indicated in the other
sections?
A.
photosynthesis
B.
A.
C.
fermentation
D. sunlight
oxygen
15.
The diagram shown is of a lake ecosystem. The
diagram shows a cross section of a deep lake.
The dashed line which separates level A from
level B indicates the depth beyond which light
cannot penetrate.
Minerals entering this system from the surrounding
soil would reach all parts of the lake by the
process of
A.
active transport
B.
ecological succession
C.
di usion
B-3
C.
C-1
D. C-2
A-1
B.
B-2
C.
C-2
D. B-3
Which section would most likely have the greatest
total biomass?
A.
17.
B.
Which section most likely has the lowest
concentration of dissolved oxygen in the summer?
A.
16.
A-2
A-2
B.
B-3
C.
C-1
D. C-2
Which processes are most directly involved in the
cycling of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen between
plants and animals in an ecosystem?
A.
transpiration and excretion
B.
photosynthesis and respiration
C.
dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
D. decomposition and succession
D. transpiration
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Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
18.
An island in a river in New York State has a
population of mice. In 1 year, the population
density changed from 12 mice per 25 square
meters to 20 mice per 25 square meters.
22.
An ecosystem is shown in the diagram. Which
factors must be present for this ecosystem to be
self-sustaining?
Which factor most likely caused the change in the
population density of mice on the island?
A.
a decrease in the amount of precipitation
B.
migration of snakes to the island
C.
competition among mice for food
D. a decrease in the island's owl population
19.
In an ecosystem, the calcium compounds found in
rocks are best described as
A.
inorganic and abiotic
B.
inorganic and biotic
C.
organic and abiotic
21.
mutagenic agents, aerobic respiration, and
heterotrophs
B.
heterotrophic nutrition in plants, cycling of
nitrogen, and bacteria
C.
a source of energy, cycling of materials, and
autotrophs
D. anaerobic respiration, autotrophic nutrition,
and saprophytes
23.
D. organic and biotic
20.
A.
Which level of biological organization includes the
greatest total number of species?
Hawks and owls living in the same area compete
for the same type of mouse for food. Which
situation would lead to the greatest problem in
food supply?
A.
an increase in the owl population
A.
community
B.
ecosystem
B.
an increase in the mouse population
C.
population
D. biosphere
C.
a decrease in the hawk population
D. a decrease in the owl population
As used in biology, the term “population” refers to
the
A.
role that all species play in their environment
B.
interactions of plants and animals in an
ecosystem
C.
members of a single species in a given area
24.
D. position of an organism in a food chain
25.
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All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within
which life exists is known as
A.
a population
B.
a community
C.
a biome
D. the biosphere
Which element is not recycled throughout an
ecosystem by the processes of photosynthesis and
respiration?
A.
carbon
B.
hydrogen
C.
nitrogen
D. oxygen
Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
26.
The chart lists four groups of factors relating to an
ecosystem.
Group A
Sunlight
Group B
Sunlight
Sunlight
Rainfall
Minerals
Gases
Rainfall
Producers
Carbon Dioxide
Consumers
Producers
Water
Green Plants
Which relationship can correctly be inferred from
the data presented in the graphs below?
Group D
Sunlight
Green plants Climate
Rainfall
Consumers
Oxygen
Group C
29.
Rainfall
Which group contains only abiotic factors?
A.
27.
28.
A
B.
B
C.
C
D. D
Atmospheric nitrogen can only be used by most
living things after it has been
A.
converted to nitrates with the help of
nitrogen- xing bacteria
B.
taken in by plants through the lenticels
C.
converted to ammonia by bacteria of decay
A.
As sewage waste increases, oxygen content
decreases.
B.
As sewage waste increases, oxygen content
increases.
C.
As oxygen content decreases, carp population
decreases.
D. As oxygen content decreases, trout population
increases.
30.
D. combined with carbon dioxide to form protein
What is the major environmental factor limiting
the numbers of autotrophs at great depths in the
ocean?
As water cycles through an ecosystem, which
process returns it to the atmosphere?
A.
type of sea oor
B.
amount of light
A.
hydrolysis
B.
C.
availability of minerals
C.
condensation
D. cyclosis
transpiration
D. absence of biotic factors
31.
El Ni~no is a short-term climatic change that causes
ocean waters to remain warm when they should
normally be cool. The warmer temperatures
disrupt food webs and alter weather patterns.
Which occurrence would most likely result from
these changes?
A.
Some species would become extinct, and
other species would evolve to take their place.
B.
Some populations in a ected areas would
be reduced, while other populations would
increase temporarily.
C.
The ow of energy through the ecosystem
would remain unchanged.
D. The genes of individual organisms would
mutate to adapt to the new environmental
conditions.
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Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
32.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram below and on your knowledge of
biology.
34.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the article which was written in response to an
article entitled “Let all predators become extinct.”
Predators Contribute to a Stable Ecosystem
In nature, energy ows in only
one direction. Transfer of energy
must occur in an ecosystem because
all life needs energy to live, and
only certain organisms can change solar energy into chemi
Producers are eaten by consumers that are, in turn, e
Stable ecosystems must contain predators to
help control the populations of consumers.
Since ecosystems contain many
predators, exterminating predators would
require a massive e ort that would wipe out
predatory species from barnacles to blue
whales. Without the population control
provided by predators, some organisms would
soon overpopulate.
Which organism carries out autotrophic nutrition?
33.
A.
frog
B.
snake
C.
plant
D. grasshopper
Explain why an ecosystem with a variety of
predator species might be more stable over a long
period of time than an ecosystem with only one
predator species.
In a forest community, a shelf fungus and a slug
live on the side of a decaying tree trunk. The
fungus digests and absorbs materials from the tree,
while the slug eats algae growing on the outside
of the trunk. These organisms do not compete
with one another because they occupy
A.
the same habitat, but di erent niches
B.
the same niche, but di erent habitats
C.
the same niche and the same habitat
35.
D. di erent habitats and di erent niches
In a certain ecosystem, rattlesnakes are predators
of prairie dogs. If the prairie dog population
started to increase, how would the ecosystem most
likely regain stability?
A.
The rattlesnake population would start to
decrease.
B.
The rattlesnake population would start to
increase.
C.
The prairie dog population would increase
rapidly.
D. The prairie dog population would begin to
prey on the rattlesnakes.
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Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
36.
Which of the stages in the diagram below consists
of plant species that modify the environment,
eventually making it more suitable for another
community?
A.
grass stage, only
B.
grass, shrub, and pine forest stages
C.
shrub, pine forest, and hardwood forest stages
38.
The graph below shows how the human population
has grown over the last several thousand years.
D. hardwood forest stage, only
37.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the graphs below, which show changes in the
number of aspen trees and the beaver population
in an area over a 50-year period.
Which statement is a valid inference that can be
made if the human population continues to grow
at a rate similar to the rate shown between 1000
A.D. and 2000 A.D.?
A.
Future ecosystems will be stressed and many
animal habitats may be destroyed.
B.
Global warming will decrease as a result of a
lower demand for fossil fuels.
C.
One hundred years after all resources are used
up, the human population will level o .
D. All environmental problems can be solved
without a reduction in the growth rate of the
human population.
State the relationship that exists between the
number of aspen trees and the beaver populations
in this region during the rst 15 years.
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Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
39.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information and graph below and on your
knowledge of biology.
41.
A population of paramecia (single-celled
aquatic organisms) was grown in a 200-mL
beaker of water containing some smaller
single-celled organisms. Population growth
of the organisms for 28 hours is shown in
the graph below.
An ecosystem is represented below.
The organisms represented as
are found in
the area shown due to which factor?
A.
pH
B.
sediment
C.
light intensity
D. colder temperature
Which factor most likely accounts for the change
in the paramecium population from 8 to 20 hours?
A.
an increase in the nitrogen content of water
B.
an increase in wastes produced
C.
an increase in available food
D. an increase in water pH
40.
One likely explanation for the change in the
paramecium population from 26 hours to 28 hours
is that the
A.
carrying capacity of the beaker was exceeded
B.
rate of reproduction increased
C.
time allowed for growth was not su cient
D. oxygen level was too high
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Ecosystems, Populations, Communities
42.
Thrips are insects that feed on the pollen and
owers of certain plants. The size of a thrip
population depends on the number of owers
available. Which graph best represents changes in
a population of thrips if winter was longer than
usual and the summer was too cool and dry for
many owers to bloom?
43.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the graph below and on your knowledge of
biology. The graph shows the growth of a
population of rabbits in a speci c ecosystem.
Rabbit Population in a Speci c Ecosystem
A.
B.
Which environmental factor could have caused the
change indicated at A?
A.
increased predation by herbivores
B.
increased availability of food
C.
increased number of decomposers
D. increased competition among carnivores
C.
44. Over a period of time, the location of the dashed
line would move from location B to location C on
this graph if
A.
the birthrate of the rabbit population was
equal to the death rate of the rabbit population
B.
there was a decrease in the number of rabbit
predators and an increase in the availability
of plants
C.
there was a decrease in the availability of
minerals, water, and shelter
D.
D. the entire rabbit population migrated to a new
ecosystem containing more autotrophs
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Ecosystems, Populations, Communities