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Major Civil War battles for History 2111 Western Theater Name Date Page 1 of 2 Eastern Theater Key Point Name Date Key Point First major battle of the war; shows that war will likely be long and bloody, First Bull Run July 1861 proving wrong both sides' expectations (First Mansassas) of a quick victory Ulysses S. Grant makes a name for Forts Henry and early 1862 himself; U.S. gains control of Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers Donelson More American casualties in this battle Spring than in all previous wars combined-Shiloh shocks country and presages a bloody war 1862 Attempt to capture Richmond; Robert E. Lee takes command of the Army of Northern Virginia Lee's first offensive saves Richmond The Seven Days June 1862 and changes the course of the war Lee's first invasion of North fails; Antietam September England withholds recognition of the (Sharpsburg) 1862 Confederacy; Lincoln prompted to issue Emancipation Proclamation Peninsula Campaign Spring 1862 Lee's greatest tactical victory, but Stonewall Jackson killed (a major blow Chancellorsville to Confederate leadership) Lee's second invasion of the North fails; heart of Lee's army destroyed and Gettysburg July 1863 cannot be replaced; from here on, Lee will always be on the defensive Spring 1863 "Anaconda Plan" encirclement complete: Summer Confederacy cut in half Vicksburg 1863 Blue: Union Victory Gray: Confederate Victory Orange: It's complicated Major Civil War battles for History 2111 Page 2 of 2 Confederacy's major east-west rail connection lost to the Union; Northern Chattanooga Fall 1863 capture of Chattanooga opens the way for Campaign invasion of the Lower South The Overland Campaign: Spring/ a terribly bloody series of battles in summer which Grant endeavors to bleed Lee's army to death 1864 The Wilderness Spotsylvania Court House Cold Harbor Atlanta Confederacy's ramaining east-west rail hub falls to Union; Lincoln's re-election September assured 1864 Richmond– Petersburg Campaign Lee defends Richmond by holding June 1864- Petersburg for nine months before his March army is overwhelmed by Grant's and attempts to escape to the west and join 1865 Johnston's army Beginnings of modern total war (use of military force against industry, Sherman's Fall 1864infrastructure, and civilians (including March Spring civilian psyche and morale); shows that (Georgia and 1865 the Confederacy can no longer resist Carolinas) Union force Lee's march to join Johnston is cut off when Grant surrounds him; Lee Appomattox surrenders the Army of Northern April 1865 Virginia on 9 April; all other Court House Confederate land forces surrender by the end of June Blue: Union Victory Gray: Confederate Victory Orange: It's complicated