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Transcript
Judaism Powerpoint DJE • Name 1 thing that Islam and Christianity have in common. • Tell me 2 of the 5 Pillars of Islam. • What are 3 ways that Jesus helped people? Judaism is… • “A 4000 year old tradition with ideas about what it means to be human and how to make the world a holy place” (Rabbi Harold Kushner, To Life) • A “covenant relationship” between God and the Hebrew people • A celebration and sanctification of life • A faith, a people, a way of life… A 4000 year old tradition… • The Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (“Israel”) – origins of the Hebrew people (more than 3800 years ago) • Enslaved in ancient Egypt and freed by Moses (more than 3300 years ago) • Hebrew monarchy in the “Promised Land” (The Land of Israel), ends 6th century BCE As a faith, Jews Believe… • In one God, creator of the universe, personal but non-corporeal • In prophets of old – especially Moses, through whom Torah was revealed to the Hebrew people • In Torah (first five books of the Bible), containing religious, moral and social law which guides the life of a Jew – the Hebrew Bible does not include the New Testament Afterlife and Salvation • Belief in heaven. • When the body dies, the soul remains in heaven. • Both Jews and righteous Gentiles (non-Jews) have a reserved place in heaven based on their study of the Torah along with prayer, repentance, and good deeds. As a people, Jews are… • A nation in Diaspora (dispersed) • 15 – 16 million in worldwide population • United by a common heritage (an “ethnic” religion), divided in contemporary practice: – Orthodox: • Modern • Chasidic (Ultra Orthodox) – Reformed (18th century Germany) – Conservative – moderates, response to reform • Reconstructionalism (20th century America) As a way of life, Judaism is based on… • 613 commandments found in Torah (“Written Law”) • Talmud (“Oral Law”) – commentary of ancient rabbis that elaborates on how to apply God’s Law in everyday life through: – Dietary rules (Kashrut/Kosher) – Dress and other symbols – Prayer and devotion to the one God – The Temple and Temple rites – Observance of Holy days – Proper social relations between male and female, in business, judicial rulings, etc. • Thus sanctifying life, blessing it in every way How does Judaism sanctify life? Life cycle celebrations: • Bris – ritual circumcision, sign of the covenant • Bar/Bat Mitzvah – full adult status and responsibility within the religion • Marriage - "Be fruitful and multiply" (Gen. 1:22) • Death – funerals, mourning (sitting “Shiva”), and memorials (“Yartzeits”) How does Judaism sanctify time? The Jewish Holidays: • High Holidays: – Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) – Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) • Sukkot, the “Festival of Booths” (fall harvest festival) • Simchat Torah – celebrating Torah • Chanukah, the “Festival of Lights” More Holy Days… • Purim (“Lots”) – a carnival (commemorates events told in book of Esther) • Pesach (“Passover”) – commemorates the exodus from Egypt (events told in Exodus) • Shavuot (“weeks,” Pentecost) – commemorates receipt of Torah at Sinai • Other, minor festivals • Shabbat (Sabbath, 7th day, on Saturday) – the “Day of Rest” How is Judaism related to Christianity? • Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it • Jesus was Jewish, as were his followers and the Apostles • Jews do not believe that Jesus was anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago – Jews still await their messiah • The Jewish messiah would not be divine. He would be a political figure who restores the Hebrew monarchy and causes peace to reign on Earth • Jews are not concerned about salvation and the “world to come” What are Jews really concerned about? • Tikkun Olam - “repairing this world” through justice and righteousness; through “deed, not creed” • The heart of Judaism is in the home and family, social responsibility and doing Mitzvot (“good deeds” based on God’s commandments) • Through education and hard work they make their lives, the lives of others, and the world, what God intended it to be – Holy! Jewish Symbols From Living Judaism by Rabbi Wayne Dosick Magen David • • • • Star of David Was on the shields of David’s warriors Symbol on the Flag of the state of Israel Used throughout the world as a clear and unique identifying symbol of Jews and Judaism Menorah • Seven (or nine) branched candleholder • One of the oldest Jewish symbols—one of the ritual objects described in the Torah • Today the nine branched menorah is used in celebration of Chanukah • The seven branched menorah is the authentic ancient symbol (one for each of the 6 days of creation and 1 for sabbath) Chai • The Jewish symbol of life • Expresses the hope and prayer for life, health and prosperity • Popular Jewish toast—L’chayim—To Life Mazal Tov • Means good luck or congratulations • Particularly used for significant life events (ie. Bar Mitzvahs, weddings, birthdays, etc.) Amen • Literally “So be it” • Means I agree/affirm • After a blessing it is customary for those who have heard the blessing to say Amen Shalom • Means hello/goodbye/peace • Comes from root word shalem which means whole/complete – Peace comes when there is wholeness, completeness, unity. • Pease is the eternal Jewish prayer— world peace, peace between people, inner peace, harmony. Modern Denominations of Judaism From Living Judaism by Rabbi Wayne Dosick Orthodox Judaism • Mainstream Judaism • Belief in the direct revelation of divine law which was recorded in the Torah – It is eternal, unchanging, and the sole guide for life – Carefully and strictly observe the commandments as the direct will of God – Ultra-Orthodox assert that complete separation from secular society Conservative Judaism • Response to Reform mid to late 19th C. Europe • Agree that change was necessary but felt Reform had eliminated too many basic Jewish practices • Motto is “tradition and change” • Fiddler on the Roof Reconstructionist Judaism • Early 1920s in US by Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan • Judaism is not merely a religion, but an evolving religious civilization, a peoplehood, a culture, as well as a faith community All of Judaism • • • • • • To accept Torah and fulfill its mitzvot To embrace the ethical mandate of Judaism To regulate existence to Judaism’s rituals & observances To support Jewish causes To be a devoted member of the Jewish community To maintain a bond and a sense of mutual interdependence with the Jewish Land • To feel a connection to Jewish history • To be committed to the creative survival of the Jewish future Jewish Literature From Living Judaism by Rabbi Wayne Dosick Torah • Creation: God Created the Universe and everything in it, The covenant was created between God and Humanity (specifically between God and the Jewish people) • Redemption: Israelites were saved from bondage in Egypt (in order to experience revelation) • Revelation: God gave his 613 mitzvot as a standard for conduct and behavior ▫ Mixed with ritual practices this provides the framework of lifestyle for all humanity. Torah • Genesis (Bereshit): contains stories of creation, records the establishment of the covenant between God and the Jewish people, tells of the lives of the patriarchs and matriarchs • Exodus (Sh’mot): account of Israelites enslaved in Egypt, the exodus from Egypt, the receiving of the 10 Commandments at Mt. Sinai • Leviticus (Vayikra): gives God’s ethical and ritual laws and specific instructions to priests on how to perform their duties • Numbers (Bamidbar): recounts the of the Israelites through the desert and gives more of God’s ethical and ritual laws • Deuteronony (Devarim): Moses reviews the laws and the people prepare to enter the promised land.