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BEYOND AID: A CASE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PORTUGAL’S DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION POLICIES FROM 2000-PRESENT BY JACQUELINE ROJAS FULBRIGHT /CAMÕES, I.P. RESEARCH GRANTEE 2016/2017 PRESENTATION AGENDA Project background Case study of Portuguese development cooperation policy Implications Next steps PROJECT BACKGROUND Experience as a 2014 Boren Scholar to Maputo, Mozambique, Colonial history between Portugal and Mozambique Recent discoveries of natural resources meant increased investment by foreign countries, including Portugal Developed interest in Portugal’s role and strategies for international development in its former colonies BEYOND AID IN THE CONTEXT OF PORTUGUESE DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION Need for the beyond aid discussion Early forms of development cooperation conducted in a more fragmented manner with imposed conditionality; led to massive critiques of aid Global commitment to the Millennium Development Goals Results of the High Level Fora on Aid Effectiveness Rome Paris Accra Busan UNDERSTANDING BEYOND AID Umbrella term referring to changes in the development cooperation landscape THE COMMITMENT TO DEVELOPMENT INDEX Produced by the Center for Global Development Metric tool used to evaluate how development friendly the policies of 27 different countries are Measures policies across seven indicators: Aid Finance Technology Environment Trade Security Migration CDI demonstrates that all of these countries, even those ranked highly, have areas in which they could improve upon to make development cooperation more effective. Also demonstrates that aid is not the only factor that matters PORTUGAL’S 2016 CDI SCORES Overall, Portugal is ranked in fifth. THE PORTUGUESE CASE Portugal consistently does not meet the international standard for ODA requirements. Peer reviews conducted by the OECD DAC call for improvements in management of development cooperation programs BUT Outside of the aid indicator, Portugal’s development cooperation policies are at least as or more development friendly than the average country. Strong and consistent in its technology and environment policies. THE TECHNOLOGY INDICATOR Government R&D share of GDP Government R&D share of GDP: Measures government expenditures on research and development in areas like agriculture and energy. Tax incentives: Level of government support for private research and development, measured by the B-index Intellectual property rights Patents coverage: Are a country’s patent coverage policies too restrictive? TRIPS+, anti-circumvention rules, database protection: Assessment of country’s intellectual property right provisions which go beyond TRIPS. Rights loss provision: Assessment of rich countries intellectual property right provisions which relate to the compulsory licensing, patent revoking and opposition system and exceptions for research or defense purposes. OTHER FACTORS Framework for development cooperation is called Development Strategic Concept for Portuguese Cooperation 2014-2010; main conceptual document based on past experience and lessons learned Focus on bilateral cooperation policy work with former colonies such as Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe Several of these countries happen to be considered least developed countries, which aligns with global goals for poverty reduction In recent years, Portugal has also developed strategic plans for bilateral cooperation work According Custer et al. (2015), Portugal has proven to be particularly adept at influencing reform agendas of partner governments and do well with aligning policy to partner country priorities. IMPLICATIONS AND NEXT STEPS THOUGHTS Implications Future research Aid, although an important factor in development cooperation, is not the only factor that impacts the effectiveness of development cooperation work. In-depth case study on Portugal’s technology and environmental policies, as they relate to development cooperation Countries, like Portugal, which only provide a relatively low amount of ODA can work to improve their policies in other areas to make development cooperation more effective More comparative study between countries at similar ODA levels What progress has Portugal made in its commitment to policy coherency and the Sustainable Development Goals? The tools exist for countries to learn from each other and implement more effective development cooperation policy and programs. AS FOR ME… Fulbright experience has been enriching and engaging. Cultural exchange Language development Travel throughout Portugal Joining the 2019 Class of Masters of Global Human Development at Georgetown University Research interests in development effectiveness will carry on as well as interests in Portugal and the PALOPs Fulbright research has prepared me immensely for understanding the international systems at play and what has helped define the current development cooperation landscape MUITO OBRIGADA PELA SUA ATENÇÃO, E ESPECIALMENTE À COMMISSÃO FULBRIGHT PELA OPORTUNIDADE QUESTIONS? STAY IN TOUCH! JACQUELINE ROJAS [email protected] // +13528179254