Download Portugal*s role and strategies for better

BEYOND AID:
A CASE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PORTUGAL’S
DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION POLICIES FROM 2000-PRESENT
BY JACQUELINE ROJAS
FULBRIGHT /CAMÕES, I.P. RESEARCH GRANTEE 2016/2017
PRESENTATION AGENDA
 Project background
 Case study of Portuguese development cooperation policy
 Implications
 Next steps
PROJECT BACKGROUND
 Experience as a 2014 Boren Scholar to Maputo, Mozambique,

Colonial history between Portugal and Mozambique

Recent discoveries of natural resources meant increased investment by foreign countries, including Portugal

Developed interest in Portugal’s role and strategies for international development in its former colonies
BEYOND AID
IN THE CONTEXT OF PORTUGUESE DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION
 Need for the beyond aid discussion
 Early forms of development cooperation conducted in a more fragmented manner with imposed conditionality;
led to massive critiques of aid
 Global commitment to the Millennium Development Goals
 Results of the High Level Fora on Aid Effectiveness
 Rome
 Paris
 Accra
 Busan
UNDERSTANDING BEYOND AID
Umbrella term referring to changes in the development cooperation landscape
THE COMMITMENT TO DEVELOPMENT INDEX

Produced by the Center for Global Development

Metric tool used to evaluate how development friendly the
policies of 27 different countries are

Measures policies across seven indicators:


Aid

Finance

Technology

Environment

Trade

Security

Migration
CDI demonstrates that all of these countries, even those ranked
highly, have areas in which they could improve upon to make
development cooperation more effective. Also demonstrates that
aid is not the only factor that matters
PORTUGAL’S 2016 CDI SCORES
Overall, Portugal is ranked in fifth.
THE PORTUGUESE CASE
 Portugal consistently does not meet the international standard for ODA requirements.
 Peer reviews conducted by the OECD DAC call for improvements in management of development cooperation
programs
BUT
 Outside of the aid indicator, Portugal’s development cooperation policies are at least as or more development
friendly than the average country.
 Strong and consistent in its technology and environment policies.
THE TECHNOLOGY INDICATOR
 Government R&D share of GDP

Government R&D share of GDP: Measures government expenditures on research and development in areas like agriculture
and energy.

Tax incentives: Level of government support for private research and development, measured by the B-index
 Intellectual property rights

Patents coverage: Are a country’s patent coverage policies too restrictive?

TRIPS+, anti-circumvention rules, database protection: Assessment of country’s intellectual property right provisions which
go beyond TRIPS.

Rights loss provision: Assessment of rich countries intellectual property right provisions which relate to the compulsory
licensing, patent revoking and opposition system and exceptions for research or defense purposes.
OTHER FACTORS
 Framework for development cooperation is called Development Strategic Concept for Portuguese Cooperation
2014-2010; main conceptual document based on past experience and lessons learned
 Focus on bilateral cooperation policy work with former colonies such as Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe

Several of these countries happen to be considered least developed countries, which aligns with global goals for poverty
reduction

In recent years, Portugal has also developed strategic plans for bilateral cooperation work
 According Custer et al. (2015), Portugal has proven to be particularly adept at influencing reform agendas of
partner governments and do well with aligning policy to partner country priorities.
IMPLICATIONS AND NEXT STEPS
THOUGHTS
 Implications
 Future research

Aid, although an important factor in development
cooperation, is not the only factor that impacts the
effectiveness of development cooperation work.

In-depth case study on Portugal’s technology and
environmental policies, as they relate to development
cooperation

Countries, like Portugal, which only provide a relatively
low amount of ODA can work to improve their
policies in other areas to make development
cooperation more effective

More comparative study between countries at similar
ODA levels

What progress has Portugal made in its commitment to
policy coherency and the Sustainable Development
Goals?

The tools exist for countries to learn from each other
and implement more effective development
cooperation policy and programs.
AS FOR ME…
 Fulbright experience has been enriching and engaging.

Cultural exchange

Language development

Travel throughout Portugal
 Joining the 2019 Class of Masters of Global Human Development at Georgetown University

Research interests in development effectiveness will carry on as well as interests in Portugal and the PALOPs

Fulbright research has prepared me immensely for understanding the international systems at play and what has helped
define the current development cooperation landscape
MUITO OBRIGADA
PELA SUA ATENÇÃO, E ESPECIALMENTE À COMMISSÃO FULBRIGHT PELA OPORTUNIDADE
QUESTIONS? STAY IN TOUCH!
JACQUELINE ROJAS
[email protected] // +13528179254