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Nutrition Unit Objectives Name the three classes of nutrients that supply your body with energy. Explain how the body obtains energy from foods. Describe the roles that carbohydrates, fats, and proteins play in your body. Warm-Up Decide if each statement is... Always true? Sometimes true? Always false? If you believe… Always true- go to bookshelf Sometimes true- go to TV Always false- go to closet Warm-Up Foods that are high in calories are unhealthy. You should avoid foods with sugars in them. You should avoid fats in your diet. Vegetarian diets are low in protein. Snacking is bad for you. Warm-Up Conclusions Foods Supply Nutrients Foods Supply Nutrients Food supplies your body with nutrients- substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy body requires more than 40 different nutrients Foods Supply Nutrients 6 classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water carbs, fats, and proteins can all be used by the body as sources of energy Foods Supply Energy The foods you eat are your body’s energy source When your body uses the nutrients in foods, a series of chemical reactions occurs inside your cells, as a result, energy is released Metabolism- chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release energy also involves use of this energy for growth and repair of body tissues Foods Supply Energy The amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down is measured in units called calories the more calories a food has, the more energy it contains For good health, the number of calories you eat should match the calorie needs of your body also consider whether or not the foods you choose contain all nutrients your body needs 180 calories Which SHOULD you eat? 375 calories 375 calories 110 calories 375 calories 750 calories 750 calories 85 calories Carbohydrates Carbohydrates- supply energy for your body’s functions simple carbohydrates complex carbohydrates Carbohydrates Simple carbohydrates- sugars, which occur naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk added to manufactured foods such as: cookies, candies, and soft drinks glucose- most important sugar because it’s the major provider of energy for your body’s cells all other types of sugar are converted to glucose once inside the body Carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates- made up of sugars linked together chemically to form long chains, something like beads in a necklace Starches are main type found in plant foods Potatoes and grains When you eat foods containing starch, your digestive system breaks the starch into simple sugars that can be absorbed into your bloodstream Carbohydrates Fiber- type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plant foods Not really a nutrient because it can’t be broken down and then absorbed into your bloodstream Fiber passes out of your body without being digested High fiber diet: Helps prevent constipation May reduce risk of colon cancer May help prevent heart disease Whole grain breads and cereals, vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, and seeds Carbohydrates You usually eat more carbs than your body can immediately use Extra glucose is converted into a type of starch called glycogen, which is stored in the body When your body needs more glucose, the glycogen is converted back to glucose If you eat so many carbs that the glycogen stores are full, then it’s stored as fat Carbohydrates 45-65% of a person’s daily calorie intake should come from carbohydrates Better to eat foods rich in complex carbs rather than simple Simple carbs give quick bursts of energy, complex carbs provide better long-term, sustained energy Choose whole grains- more fiber and nutrients Magazine Search! With your assigned group, you will have 3 minutes to find as many pictures of simple and complex carbohydrates as you can Separate the pictures into the correct categories At the end of the activity I will check and total Fats Fats- supply body with energy, forms your cells, maintain body temperature, and protect your nerves Twice the calories as carbohydrates Fats Unsaturated fats- usually liquid at room temperature Found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds Classified as either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated A balance between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in the diet is important for cardiovascular health Good fat- can help fight heart disease Fats Saturated fats- usually solid at room temperature Found in animal fats Too much saturated fat can lead to heart disease Fats 20-35% of your calories should come from fat Cholesterol- waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal products Your body needs certain amounts to make cell membranes and nerve tissue, certain hormones, and substances that aid in the digestion of fat Your liver can make all the cholesterol your body needs=not a necessary part of the diet You can reduce risk of heart disease by reducing the amount of meat and dairy fat in your diet Fats Trans fats- foods that stay fresh longer than foods containing saturated fats Found in margarine, chips, commercially baked goods Magazine Search! With your assigned group, you will have 3 minutes to find as many pictures of unsaturated, saturated, and trans fats as you can Separate the pictures into the correct categories At the end of the activity I will check and total Proteins Protein- growth and repair of your body’s tissues High protein foods- meat, eggs, poultry, milk, and milk products Nuts, dried beans, dried peas, and lentils Proteins Amino acids- small units that bound together chemically to form proteins When you eat protein, your digestive system breaks it down into individual amino acids Then absorbed into your bloodstream and reassembled by cells to form the kinds of proteins you need The proteins in your body are made up of 20 different amino acids Your diet has to supply 9 (essential amino acids) of these, your body does the rest Proteins Complete protein- contains all 9 essential amino acids Animal sources Incomplete protein- lacks 1 or more essential amino acids Protein from plant sources 10-35% of calories should come from protein Proteins People who don’t eat meat can combine 2 or more plant protein sources that, taken together, provide all the essential amino acids Magazine Search! With your assigned group, you will have 3 minutes to find as many pictures of protein as you can At the end of the activity I will check and total Review Which 3 classes of nutrients supply the body with energy? carbs fats proteins What is metabolism? Chemical process by which the body breaks down food to release energy Review How is metabolism related to the nutrients in food? The nutrients in food are metabolized to release energy. What is the main role of carbohydrates for the body? supply energy for body functions Review What are the roles of fats in the body? supply energy form cells maintain body temperature protect nerves What are the roles of protein in the body? supply energy aid in growth and repair of tissues Review What is cholesterol? Waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal products How does diet affect cholesterol levels in the blood? Eating foods that are high in fat and cholesterol can increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood
