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Competition, Predation and
Symbiosis
Bellringer
 Name a biotic factor in a forest.
 Name two limiting factors for a population of lions.
 What is carrying capacity?
 A mouse eats acorns what is a mouse called in the food
web? (Producer, Consumer, Decomposer)
Competition
What are
three major
types of
interactions
among
organisms?
 There are three major types of
interactions among organisms:
Competition
2. Predation
3. Symbiosis
1.
Competition
 Different species can share the same
What is
competition?
What do
organisms have
to do in order to
reduce
competition?
habitat and food requirements.
 Competition is the struggle
between organisms to survive as they
attempt to use the same limited
resource.
 In any ecosystem, there is a limited
amount of food, water and shelter.
 Organisms that survive have
adaptations that enable them to
reduce competition.
 An adaptation is a change that helps an organism, such
as a plant or animal, survive in its environment.
 Turn to page 60 in your textbook
Bellringer
1.
What is the difference between a food chain and a
food web?
2. Name three adaption that prey use to protect
themselves against predators.
3. Who are nature’s recyclers?
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Symbiosis
What is
symbiosis?
What are the
three types of
symbiotic
relationships?
 Symbiosis – is a close relationship
between two species that benefits at
least one of the species.
 There are three types of symbiotic
relationships:
Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
1.
Mutualism
What is
Mutualism?
 Mutualism – A relationship in which
both species benefit.
 Example:
 The relationship between the Saguaro
Cactus and Long Eared Bats.


Cactus flowers provide bats with food
The cactus benefits because the bats
carry pollen from cactus to cactus on
their noses.
Mutualism
++
both organisms benefit
The small green
insects (aphids)use
their mouths to suck
sugar from the plant.
The sugar runs out
through their anus
providing food for
the ants. The ants
protect the aphids
from insect
predators.
Commensalism
What is
commensalism?
 Commensalism – Is a relationship
in which one species benefits and the
other species is neither helped nor
harmed.
 Example –
 The red-tailed hawks’ interaction
with the saguaro cactus .


The hawks benefit by having a place to
build their nests.
The cactus is not affected by the hawks.
The Remora fish attaches
to the shark and gets a free
ride.
Commensalis
m
Birds build nests in trees.
Commensalism
+0
one organism benefits and the other one is
unaffected (neither harmed nor benefits)
The clown fish
gets a place to
safely live because
the stinging
tentacles of the sea
anemone protects
it from predators.
The sea anemone
is unaffected by
the clown fish.
Commensalism
 Commensalism is not very common
in nature because species are usually
either helped or harmed a little by
any interaction.
Parasitism
What is
parasitism?
What does a
parasitic
relationship
consist of?
 Parasitism – a relationship when
one organism is helped and the other
is harmed.
 The organism that benefits is called a
parasite.
 The organism that is harmed or in is
known as the host.
Parasitism
+one organism benefits and the other
one is harmed
The green
larvae is
harmed by the
small white
parasites. The
parasites use the
larvae for food.
Wasp eggs on back
of caterpillar.
Parasitism
Sea lampreys feed
on fluids of other
fish.
Mosquito biting a
human.
Parasitism
 Common parasites are fleas, ticks
and leeches.
 These parasites have adaptation that
enable them to attach to their host
and feed on their blood.
 Other parasites live inside the host’s
body such as tapeworms, that live
inside the digestive systems of dogs,
wolves, and some other mammals.
Parasitism
 Unlike predators, a parasite does not
usually kill the organism it feeds on.
Predation
What is
predation?
What is the
relationship
between
predator and
prey?
 Predation is an interaction in which
one organism kills another for food.
 The organism that does the killing for
food is the predator.
 The organisms that is killed for food
is the prey.
What is the difference between
parasitism and predation?
Parasitism harms the organism and usually lives in or
on it’s host and may slowly or eventually lead to the
host’s death.
Predation is immediate conquer and eat. (predatorprey)
Note:
It is not necessary for you to
know what the organisms are in
order to figure out the correct
symbiotic relationship. Pay
attention to the way the
organisms relate to one another.