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Scary Movie
Man’s shirt, movie projector, missing popcorn,
missing girl’s tooth, woman’s hair, missing chair
back
Serology:
The examination and analysis of body fluids
Red blood cells:
Erythrocytes
The most abundant cells
in out body
Produced in the bone
marrow
Contain a protein called
hemoglobin that carries
oxygen to our cells
White blood cells
Leukocytes
Part of the immune system
Destroy infections called
pathogens
Plasma:
The yellowish , liquid
portion of the blood
Contains electrolytes,
nutrients and vitamins,
hormones, and clotting
factors
Has antibodies to fight
infections
Platelets:
Thrombocytes
Clotting factors
Accounts for about 8% of total body weight
5-6 liters for males
4-5 liters for females
For every 600 RBC, there are about 40 platelets and 1
white cell
There are 3 types (alleles) of blood type genes
A, B, O
Each individual inherits on blood type gene from their mother
and one from their father
6 possible combinations (genotypes)
Blood type
A
B
AB
O
Genotype
AA or AO
BB or BO
AB
OO
Phenotype
A blood
B blood
AB blood
O blood
People with type O are called the Universal donors because
they can give to any blood type
People with type AB blood are called the Universal recipients
because they can receive any blood type
Rh factors include the presence of the protein (or lack of it)
If your blood contains the protein it is Rh+, if it does not it is Rh-
Antibodies/Agglutinins are proteins that are present in the serum
They are responsible for ensuring that the only blood cells that can survive
in a person are cells of the correct blood type
Blood group A
You have A antigens on the surface of your red blood
cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood group B
You have B antigens on the surface of your red blood
cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood group AB
You have both A and B antigens on the surface of your
red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your
blood plasma.
Blood group O
If you belong to the blood group 0 (null), you have
neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood
cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood
plasma.
Blood samples:
Can be analyzed to determine blood types and DNA, which can be matched
to a suspect
Blood droplets:
Can be analyzed to give clues to the location of a crime, movement
of a victim, and type of weapon
Blood spatter:
Can be analyzed to determine patterns that give investigators clues
how a crime might have happened
Is it blood
Is it human blood
Whose is it
Determine blood type, alcohol content, drugs present
The examination of the shapes,
locations and distribution
patterns of bloodstains in order
to provide an interpretation of
the physical events that took
place
Can be used to:
Position of victim (standing,
lying, sitting)
Evidence of struggle (blood
smears, blood trails
The pattern can help to
reconstruct the events
surrounding a shooting,
stabbing, or beating
Passive:
Bloodstain drops created
or formed solely by the
force of gravity
Can be divided into:
Drips
Drip patterns
Pools
Clots
Transfer:
Created when a wet, bloody
surface comes in contact
with another surface
Divided into:
Contact bleeding
Swipe or smear
Wipe
Smudge
Projected:
Created when a blood source
is subjected to an action
greater than the force of
gravity
Gunshot
Types:
Arterial spurt/gush: Blood spurt
under pressure from a cut artery
Cast off: Blood released or
thrown from a blood –soaked
object in motion
Impact: When a blood source
receives a blow, resulting in
random dispersion of smaller
drops
Analysis of a splatter pattern
can aid in determining the:
Direction blood traveled.
Angle of impact.
Point of origin of the
blood.
Velocity of the blood.
Manner of death.
The angle formed between
the direction of the blood
drip and the plane of the
surface it strikes
SIN<=Width (a)
Length (c)
Pointed end of bloodstain
always faces the direction of
travel
Photo show direction of
travel is approximately 59
degrees.
Arrow and
notation
indicate
zero to
right and
north.
Arrow through center
points to direction of
wipe.
When blood falls from a
height or at a high velocity, it
can overcome its natural
cohesiveness and form
satellite droplets.
When it falls onto a lessthan-smooth surface, it can
form spiking patterns
around the drops.
Patterns can help
investigators determine
the type of weapon used
The shape of an
individual drop of blood
provides clues to the
direction from where the
blood originated
Lines of convergence
Draw straight lines down the
axis of the blood splatters
Where the lines converge,
the blood originated
Distance of bloodstain from target
Direction from which blood impacted
Position of the victim and assailant
Number of blows/shots
Type and velocity of weapon
How long ago the crime was committed
Blood type of parties involved