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Week 8
Do Now Pg. 17L
Negative words: no, not, nobody, nothing, none, never,
hardly, scarcely, barely, only. Using two negatives in the
same sentence gives the opposite meaning, but it does
the job awkwardly. Avoid double negatives!
Write the sentences with the correct word in parentheses.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
She couldn’t eat (anything, nothing) at dinner tonight.
I didn’t see (nothing, anything) in the room.
We (could, couldn’t) hardly see through the fog.
She did not have (anything, nothing) to read in class.
I could not see (no, any) way to help the alien.
I cannot find my money (anywhere, nowhere).
You (can, cannot) scarcely recognize her.
The children do not need (no, any) candy.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
3
In the English language . . .
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
There are nine parts of speech . . .
Nouns
On the right side of each word grade
Verbs
your level of understanding from
Pronouns
4 – 3- 2 - 1
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Articles
It is important to understand that
Prepositions
every word in a sentence has a job to
Interjections
do, a role in the sentence.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
4
Noun: person, place, thing or quality
• Person: Mr. Garcia likes to eat spinach.
• Place: Mission is an old town.
• Thing: To cook you need a couple of pots.
• Quality: Honesty is a great value to possess.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
5
Verb: shows action or state of being
• Action: He was running through the forest.
• State of being: He was sad that particular
morning.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
6
Pronoun: takes the place of a noun
• Guillermo was studying for the mid-term exam when
he realized that it was three o’clock in the morning.
• (There are actually many types of pronouns:
personal, interrogative,demonstrative, indefinite,
relative, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal)
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
7
Adjective: describes a noun
• The beautiful woman only wanted a couple of
pairs of shoes.
• The rainy day made us even sadder.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
8
Adverb: describes a verb, adjectives,
and other adverbs
• The little girl walked happily through the
park.
• The orphan hungrily ate the hot stew.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
9
Conjunctions: words that join words,
phrases or sentences
• Manuel and Marisol loved to cook.
• You will go to school, or you will fail.
• I am happy because I just received my check.
• It has been cloudy since the morning.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
10
Article: There are only three articles--the, a , an
(Actually, articles are adjectives and not a different part of
speech)
• The bicycle was not only red but shiny.
• A yellow moon always appears in October.
• An excellent student, Armando passed all his
exams.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
11
Preposition: A word or phrase that shows the relationship
between the noun that it takes as an object and some other
word in the sentence.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The cat was on the table.
The dog was under the table.
These are some common prepositions:
Foron
to
up
at
under
above
toward
With
between in
behind
From
upon
into
off
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
12
Interjections: expressive words
•
•
•
•
Wow, you knocked that ball out of the park.
Oh, you really need to take care of yourself.
Huh, what did you say?
Ah, now I understand the problem.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
13
Identify each word in the following
sentence
• The beautiful queen was walking slowly on
the cool lawn, and she was reading a long
book about knights and kings which she
enjoyed.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
14
• The beautiful queen was walking slowly
article
adjective
noun
verb
verb
adverb
• on the cool lawn, and she was reading a
preposition article adjective
noun
conjunction
pronoun
verb
verb
article
• long book about knights and kings which
•
adjective
noun
preposition
noun
conjunction
• she enjoyed.
•
Pronoun
verb
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
15
noun
pronoun
Assignment: Identify parts of speech
1. The king did not know if he was going to make the cake, and he
was afraid to tell the queen.
2. The thin waitress told the customers that they desperately
needed to go on a diet.
3. I ran many miles every day, and I couldn’t lose a pound.
4. This quiz was a piece of cake.
Created by José J. Gonzalez, Jr.
Spring 2002
STCC
16
Declarative Sentence
A declarative sentence makes a
statement. It ends with a
period.
He likes pepperoni pizza.
The umbrella is green.
Mrs. Smith is a teacher.
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks
a question. It ends with a
question mark.
Do you like pepperoni pizza?
Have you seen my umbrella?
Who is your teacher?
Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence
shows strong feeling. It ends
with an exclamation point.
Hooray!
Wow! That’s great news!
Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives a
command. It ends with a
period.
Go to your room.
Throw me the ball.
Bob, please close the door.
Practice Time
See if you can correctly
identify the following
kinds of sentences.
What kind of sentence
is this?
Are you going to the
movies tonight?
Interrogative –
because the
sentence asks a
question
What kind of sentence
is this?
What a great movie that
was!
Exclamatory –
because the
sentence shows
strong feeling
What kind of sentence
is this?
There are many different
kinds of animals at the
zoo.
Declarative –because
the sentence makes
a statement
What kind of sentence
is this?
“Open to Chapter 5 of
your math book.”
Imperative –because
the sentence gives a
command
What kind of sentence
is this?
Bob has an iPod.
Declarative –because
the sentence makes
a statement
What kind of sentence
is this?
Be careful with your iPod.
Imperative –because
the sentence gives a
command
What kind of sentence
is this?
iPods are amazing!
Exclamatory –
because the
sentence shows
strong feeling
What kind of sentence
is this?
Do you have an iPod?
Interrogative –
because the
sentence asks a
question
What kind of sentence
is this?
Please pass the salt and
pepper.
Imperative –because
the sentence gives a
command
What kind of sentence
is this?
It is sunny outside.
Declarative –because
the sentence makes
a statement
What kind of sentence
is this?
Are you planning to
travel during your
vacation?
Interrogative –
because the
sentence asks a
question
What kind of sentence
is this?
What a beautiful day!
Exclamatory –
because the
sentence shows
strong feeling
What kind of sentence
is this?
Would you like to go to
the beach with me?
Interrogative –
because the
sentence asks a
question
What kind of sentence
is this?
Bring your hat and
sunblock with you to the
beach.
Imperative –because
the sentence gives a
command
What kind of sentence
is this?
Wow! What a play!
Exclamatory –
because the
sentence shows
strong feeling
What kind of sentence
is this?
The student went to the
store to buy some candy.
Declarative –because
the sentence makes
a statement
What kind of sentence
is this?
What is your favorite
food?
Interrogative –
because the
sentence asks a
question
What kind of sentence
is this?
Don’t forget to study for
the test.
Imperative –because
the sentence gives a
command
What kind of sentence
is this?
This is the last practice
sentence.
Declarative –because
the sentence makes
a statement
Before We Begin…
• Does anyone know what a subject is?
– A noun that is the topic of the sentence
– Example: Susie ate ice cream today.
• Susie is a noun. Susie is the subject
• Does anyone know what a verb is?
– A verb is an action word.
– Example: Susie ate ice cream today.
• ate is the verb in the sentence
• NOTE: Subordinate means the same as Dependent
in this lesson.
CLAUSES
Dependent Clauses
Independent Clauses
An independent clause is a group of
words that contains a subject and verb
and expresses a complete thought. An
independent clause is a sentence all on it’s
own.
A dependent clause is a group of
words that contains a subject and verb
but DOES NOT express a complete
thought. A dependent clause cannot be a
sentence.
Example 1: The dog barks.
Non Example: When Jim studied at
Starbucks for his English quiz .
Example: When Jim studied at
Starbucks for his English quiz, it was
subject
verb
very noisy .
subject + verb =
Independent
Clause
Example 2: Although I had tickets, I did
not go to the show.
verb + subject =
Independent
Clause
But wait…there’s
The phrase
“it was verynot
complete thought.
noisy”a completes
the
What
happened
thought
about
Jim at when
Starbucks.he studied?
1
TO SUMMARIZE (ON YOUR HANDOUT)
• An Independent clause is a group of words that
contains a subject and verb and express a complete
thought. It’s a sentence all on its own.
– Example:
• A subordinate (dependent) clause is a group of
words that contains a subject and verb and does not
express a complete thought. A subordinate
(dependent) clause can not be a sentence on its
own.
– Example:
2
PRACTICE! CAN YOU HELP ME?
Sentence
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
While we were sleeping one night
A thunderstorm blew in from the north
Rain pelted the windows of my bedroom
Although I’m a sound sleeper
I awoke with a start
When I hear the first clap of thunder
Since I had left the window open
My books on the windowsill are wet
independent or dependent
(subordinate)
1. dependent
2. independent
3. independent
4. dependent
5. independent
6. dependent
7. dependent
8. independent
WRITE AN INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT
CLAUSE ABOUT SCHOOL IN YOUR
NOTEBOOK
• Independent clause:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
__.
• Dependent clause:
_____________________________________
_______________________________.
PRACTICE WITH CLAUSES: WORKSHEET
• I’m going to pass out a worksheet that we will
complete for more practice on clauses!
• We will do Exercise 1 together
• You will complete Exercise 2 and 3 on your
own!
TYPES OF SENTENCES
• Simple Sentences
Independent clause = I love ice cream.
• Complex Sentences
Independent clause + Dependent clause = Complex Sentence
• Ex: When it’s hot out, I love ice cream.
• Compound Sentences
Independent clause + Independent clause = Compound Sentence
• Ex: I love ice cream, and I adore chocolate cake.
4
SENTENCE TYPES PRACTICE
• Simple Sentence:
– You could go swimming.
– We could take a walk.
• Compound Sentence:
– You could go swimming , or we could take a walk.
• Complex Sentence:
– You will enjoy swimming and walking if you are
interested in exercise.
HOW DO YOU COMBINE
SENTENCES?
• Compound sentences and complex sentences
are very unique because of the way the
sentences are combined!
• In order to combine sentences (clauses) you
need conjunctions!
• The two types of conjunctions are:
1. Coordinating conjunctions
2. Subordinating conjunctions
5
Compound sentence
• Compound sentences always combine two simple
sentences with a comma + FANBOYS
– For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
• THESE ARE CALLED COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS!!!!
Coordinating conjunctions connect 2 independent
clauses. There are 7 coordinating conjunctions that
link sentences. To remember them, we use the word
FANBOYS.
.
6
FANBOYS (NOTICE THE COMMAS BEFORE
THE CONJUNCTION!)
1. For shows reason.
2. And shows addition.
3. Nor adds a negative.
4. But shows opposition.
5. Or shows an alternative.
6. Yet shows exception.
7. So shows a result.
1. I like to read mystery novels, for I love
suspense
2. She goes to the beach, and she takes
her dog.
3. I don’t like garlic, nor do I like onions
4. He won’t get into the concert, but he
can try.
5. I will take my kids to a movie, or I will
stay home.
6. I want to lose weight, yet I eat
chocolate daily.
7. I will study the fanboys, so I can impress
my teacher.
Find the Coordinating Conjunction
• Can you help me find the coordinating
conjunction in the following sentences?
– 1.) I wanted to go to the theme park, but I had to write my
paper first.
– 2.) You can make some salad, or you can order some pizza.
– 3.) Lisa wanted to go to her friend’s house, so she helped her
mom with all the chores.
– 4.) John waited for the train, but the train was late.
– Can you now help me underline each of the independent
clauses??
7
Complex Sentences
• Complex sentences are combined with
SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS.
• Subordinating Conjunctions connect
dependent clauses with independent clauses.
7
Subordinate conjunctions
• You can remember them as: BISAWAWE
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Because
If
Since
After
When
Although
While
Even though
Examples:
• If I go to the store
• After we ate at the restaurant
• While I was studying
Do Now – 19 L
• Directions: Underline the adverbs in the following
sentences.
1) The fire spread rapidly.
2) Astronauts are really cool.
3) He did rather well on the test.
4) He told us to talk quietly in the library.
5) We swam right before the storm.
6) The old man drank the juice slowly.
7) It is exactly 3:00 in the afternoon.
8) The cat quickly pounced on the mouse.
9) We walked happily through the forest.
Do Now – 19 L
• Directions: Underline the adverbs in the following
sentences.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1) The fire spread rapidly throughout the building.
2) Astronauts are really cool.
3) He did rather well on the test.
4) He told us to talk quietly in the library.
5) We swam right before the storm.
6) The old man drank the juice slowly.
7) It is exactly 3:00 in the afternoon.
8) The cat quickly pounced on the mouse.
9) We walked happily through the forest.
GENRE WRITING:
Folklore and Fables
Genre = Category
All writing falls into a category or genre.
We will use 5 main genres
and 15 subgenres.
Fiction
Realistic
Fiction
Historical
Fiction
Drama
Nonfiction
Comedy
Tragedy
Folklore
Informational
Writing
Persuasive
Writing
Poetry
Fairy Tale
Legend
Tall Tale
Science
Fiction
Biography
Fantasy
Autobiography
Myth
Fable
Folklore Subgenre: Fable
Folklore: stories once passed down orally
Folklore/Folktales usually has (have) an
“unknown” author or will be “retold” or
“adapted” by the author.
• Fable: short story with personified
animals and a moral
Personified: given the traits of people
Moral: lesson or message of a fable
Genre: Folklore / Folktales
Some of the elements of the genre of folklore /
folktales:
•A story that has been told and retold over
generations
•Different countries have similar folk tales
•Folk tales often begin with “Once upon a time” or
“Long ago in a far away place…”
•Characters can be animals or objects that can speak
•The story often teaches a lesson or moral
•Good or smart wins over evil or unintelligent
•The story is told using the words he, she or it
•Actions or words are often repeated (in a pattern)
•The story has an exciting “high point” at the end
Aesop
and his Fables
Written by Lin Donn
Illustrated by Phillip Martin
Aesop’s Fables
Aesop was an ancient
Greek storyteller who
lived around 550 BCE. He
was also a slave. He lived
in ancient Rome, in the
home of a wealthy Roman
family.
Legend says … Aesop’s Roman master was so
delighted with Aesop’s fables that he granted
Aesop his freedom!
Aesop’s Fables
There are no records to
prove that Aesop ever
wrote anything down.
Fortunately, after his
death, people did write
down every fable they
could remember.
Over the centuries, Aesop's fables have been
rewritten and illustrated and translated into
nearly every language in the world.
Aesop’s Fables
Today, we still enjoy these
wonderful stories created
over 2,500 years ago!
Each is a very short story,
and each has a moral.
Like this one …
The Fox and the Goat
One day, a fox fell down
a well. He tried to climb
out, but the well was
too deep.
A goat wandered by. He
peered down curiously.
“What are you doing in
a well?” asked the goat.
The Fox and the Goat
“I’m warning you, goat,”
snarled the fox. “This is
my water! Go away.”
“You can’t keep all the
water for yourself,” the
goat snorted. The goat
jumped in the well.
The Fox and the Goat
The fox jumped on the
goat’s back and leaped
out of the well. He ran
off without a care for the
goat who was stuck in
the well.
The Moral of This Story
is: Don’t always believe
what you hear from
someone in trouble.
Gallery Walk Fables
• Today we are doing a gallery walk on fables. You
will have 30 minutes.
• There are 5 sample texts on the wall.
• You will answer the questions for each fable on a
separate sheet of paper.
– Please write the title of the fable above the questions
you are answering.
– Please write in complete sentences.
Exit Slip: Dialogue
Directions: REWRITE the sentences below, correcting the lines of dialogue
1. John said, That's my coat.
2. Jack said, I have a coat like yours.
3. Is the pizza here. asked Hillary.
4. I love extra cheese, said Jamie.