Download Plate Tectonics

Chapter 4
 Inside

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the Earth
Crust
Mantle
Core
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Tectonic Plate
 The
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
5-100km thick
Thinnest layer
 Two
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

Crust
types
Continental
Oceanic
Made of…
 The
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
Mantle
Thicker
Most of the mass
 Crust
too thick
 Observations
 Ocean floor
 Made of…
 The
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

Core
Mantle to the core
Made of…
Not made of..
 1/3
of the Earth’s
mass
 Five
layers
 Inner Core

Solid, dense
 Outer

Core
Liquid layer
 Mesosphere

Strong
 Asthenosphere

Plastic layer
 Lithosphere

Tectonic plates
 Names
of the
plates
 Fit together
 Difference


Ocean
Continent
 Plates
include…
 Like ice cubes
 Never
drilled
through the crust
 Seismic waves
 Seismographs
 Restless
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
Continents
Continental Drift
Sea-floor Spreading
 Alfred



Wegener
Continental Drift
Fit together
Similar types of
rocks and climatic
conditions
 Observations
 Single,
huge
continent
(supercontinent)
 245 million years
ago
 Laurasia and
Gondwana (180
million years ago)
 The
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


Theory of Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
 Plates
Touch
 Three Types
Convergent
Boundary
 Divergent Boundary
 Transform Boundary

 How
they move
 earthquakes
 Collide
 Kind
of crust
 Three Types
 Separate
 New
Sea Floor
 Mid-Ocean Ridges
 Slide
Past Each
other horizontally
 San Andreas Fault
 Plate
Tectonic
Theory
 Solid Rock Flows
 Changes in Density
 Thermal Energy
 Three possible
causes
 Ridge
Push
 Convection
 Slab Pull
 Type
and Shape of
the plate
 Interacts with
Plates
 So Slow and
Gradual
 GPS
 Radio Signals
 Deforming
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the Earth’s Crust Vocabulary
Compression
Tension
Folding
Fault
Uplift
Subsidence
 Spaghetti


Bending
Breaking
 Rock
Layers
 Stress
 Compression
Squeezed or
Collided
 Convergent
 Mountain Ranges

 Tension



Stretch
Divergent
Mid-Ocean Ridge
 Bending
of Rock
Layers

Horizontal layers
 Types

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of Folds
Anticlines
Synclines
Monocline
Different sizes
 Stress
is applied
 Fault Blocks
 Hanging wall and
footwall
 Two Types


Normal fault
Reverse fault
 Normal

fault
Tension Pull Rocks
Apart
 Reverse

Faults
Compression that
pushes rocks
together
 Look
at the order
of sedimentary
rock layers
 Compare the two
dark layers
 Third
Type of Fault
 Opposing forces
cause rock to
break and move
horizontally
 Move left or right
 San Andreas Fault
 Plates
Collide
Land features start
as…
 Can become …
 Mountains exist
 Andes Mountains
 Compression or
tension


Folded Mountains
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
Fault-Block Mountains
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
Highest
Convergent (collide)
Appalachian Mtns.
Tension
Drop Down
Tilted up
Volcanic Mountains



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Major (Convergent)
Sinks
Islands
Ring of Fire
 Vertical
Movements

Uplift



Higher elevations
May or May Not Be
Deformed
Subsidence


Sinking
No Deformation

Uplifting of Depressed
Rock


Formation of Mtns.
Without Deformation



Subsidence of Cooler
Rock



Rebound
Weight removed
Hot More Space
Less Volume (Subsides)
Tectonic Letdown


Stretched rift zones
Stress