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Transcript
The process by which the shape of a rock changes because of stress. Examples of Stress Compression – object is squeezed Convergent boundary (mountains form) Tension – object is stretched Divergent boundaries The bending of rock layers because of stress. Types of Folds Anticline – upward arching fold Syncline – downward troughlike folds. Monocline – both ends of the fold are horizontal Fault – surface along which rocks break and slide past each other Normal Faults: causes the hanging wall to move down Caused by tension Reverse Faults: causes the hanging wall to move up Caused by compression Form when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally. San Andreas Fault Folded Mountains Form when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upwards Form at convergent boundaries Make up the highest mountain ranges in the world Fault Block Mountains Formed when tension causes large blocks of the Earth’s crust to drop down relative to other blocks. Occurs along normal faults Volcanic Mountains Form as a result of subduction at convergent boundaries Magma rises through the Earth’s surface to form volcanic mountains. The rising of regions of the Earth’s crust to higher elevations Example: Formation of mountains Rebound – when the crust slowly springs back to its previous elevation The sinking of the regions of the Earth’s crust to lower elevations Rocks that are hot take up more space than cooler rocks. Hot at the mid ocean ridge so the land is higher Cooler and denser the further away you go so the ocean floor subsides. Rift Zone A set of deep cracks that forms between two plates pulling apart As tectonic plates pull apart, stress between the plates causes a series of faults to form and the crust in the center of the rift zone subsides.