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69: Plants, Transpiration, Photosynthesis and Respiration Objective: After reading various texts, watching video clips and viewing a presentation on plants and photosynthesis, explain why it is important for an aquarium owner to be very careful in how s/he sets up his or her aquarium. Warm UpMr. Neumann is very allergic to bees. He wants scientists to find a way to kill them all! Mrs. Brooks is shocked! She tells Mr. Neumann that without bees he couldn’t survive. Explain this. Vocabulary Tier 2: distinction, consume, complementary, processes, energy, products, guard, regulate Tier 3: organism, photosynthesis, respiration, glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen, chlorophyll, epidermis, cuticle, stomata, guard cells, transpiration Today’s Learning Goals One of the most general distinctions among organisms is between plants, which use sunlight to make their own food (photosynthesis) and animals, which consume energy-rich foods. In plants, chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts) captures energy from the sun in order to make food during photosynthesis Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes: Plants carry on photosynthesis/respiration where food is broken down into energy Plants make their own food through photosynthesis, animals consume energy rich food Photosynthesis Media Clip Brain pop Photosynthesis Or Study Jam Photosynthesis 70: Photosynthesis and Transpiration Objective Transpiration(water loss through stomata) regulated by the guard cells through their opining/closing Leaves have epidermis with cuticles and stomata to prevent water loss; guard cells control the opening of the stomata 1. Read and annotate the Photosynthesis and Respiration article http://www.aquariumlife.net/articles/ aquatic-plants/pjotosynthesisrespiration-aquatic-plants/152.asp Classwork 2. Use the information from the article to Explain why it is important for an aquarium owner to be very careful in how s/he sets up his or her aquarium. How Does a Plant Make It’s Own Food? Plants use carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and sun’s energy to make food. This is called “photosynthesis” The food gives plants energy Animals get the energy stored in plants when they eat them. How Do Plants Get Energy From Sun? Plants have pigments that absorb energy from light Chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts) is the pigment used in photosynthesis What “Food” do Plants Make? The “food” plants make is a sugar called glucose (C6H12O6). Glucose and oxygen (O2) are made during photosynthesis. How Do Organisms Get Energy From Food? Animals cannot make their own food like plants can. But, BOTH plants and animals must break down (digest) food in order to get energy from it (so they can live, grow, & develop) Cells do this using Cellular Respiration. Use the chart to fill in your notes: Photosynthesis Food accumulated Energy from sun stored in glucose Carbon dioxide taken in Oxygen given off Produces glucose Goes on only in light Occurs only in the presence of chlorophyll Cellular Respiration Food broken down Energy of glucose released Carbon dioxide given off Oxygen taken in Produces carbon dioxide and water Goes on day and night Occurs in all living cells Check It Out! Did you notice that cellular respiration is just the opposite of photosynthesis? Photosynthesis Rap Photosynthesis Song From a Seed’s Perspective Travelin’ Along with Transpiration Sheet Travelin’ Along With Transpiration Answers I. 1. sun, transpiration, evaporate 2. stomata 3. absorbs, cools 4. roots and water 5. stem. Xylem vessels II. 1. perspiration (sweat) 2. pores 3. meat/cheese/-bread 4. arteries and veins 5. vitamins and minerals Transpiration Brain Pop http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/plantgrowth/ Think: What is photosynthesis? What are the needs of plants? How do trees grow without being planted by seeds? What is hydroponics? Why is photosynthesis important? Do plants have genders? Session 71 Warm Up: Do green plants conduct photosynthesis at nighttime? Why or Why not? The most recent discovery of an earthlike planet by NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope is said to be located in the “Goldilocks Zone” in reference to its distance from the sun. What do scientists mean by the “Goldilocks Zone.” Photosynthesis happens in the daylight. Respiration happens at night Bill Nye Plants http://youtu.be/VH3IFUDkGt8 Watch through 5:37 Without plants there would be no ________ on earth (including humans) Plants make all the _________ we breathe and all the _________ we eat. Plants take in ________ from the air and give off _________. What does “photosynthesis” mean? ________________________. What green pigment is the key to photosynthesis? ___________ So, plants take in _________ and give off ____________. In the nifty home experiment, what were the bubbles the lettuce made? Transpiration Animation http://techalive.mtu.edu/meec/module01/Transpiration.htm The U.S. EPA estimates that an acre of corn transpires 4000 gallons of water each day. Transpiration Transpiration—stoma are small openings on the underside of leaves which are used for gas exchange, (O2 & CO2). Guard cells on each side help open & close stoma. Plants also lose water through the stoma. So, stoma are usually closed during the hottest part of the day so they don’t lose so much water. Plants only use about 10% of the water they absorb from the Earth. The rest is released into the atmosphere through transpiration. Critical Thinking: 1. Do you think plants would lose more water to transpiration in windy conditions or non-windy conditions? 2. Do you think plants would lose more water to transpiration in humid conditions or dry conditions? Why? 3. Explain how plant transpiration contributes to the water cycle. 4. Where on Earth would you find the most transpiration? Why? Do you think this has an effect on climate? 5. What would be the effect if humans were to plant a huge number of leafy trees in one county of North Carolina. They would plant so many there they would cover the land. Do you think conditions there would be different? Why or why not? Session 72 Warm Up Does Seaweed conduct photosynthesis? Why or why not? Do Carnivorous Plants conduct photosynthesis? Why or why not? Stations Review Station 1: Photosynthesis Animation Examples Station 2: Transpiration A. B. C. D. E. F. Stoma/ta on underside of leaves/leaves Close stoma on underside of leaves using guard cells during the day. See poster above, Temperature, Wind, Rain, Humidity Underside of leaf/stoma Slow down or even stop transpiration Yes, it would increase it. Station 3: Celery 1. 2. 3. 4. Absorbed/sucked up water/changed colors Red/Blue at top of celery stalk Xylem Vessels(circulatory system) Xylem vessels, process of transpiration Station 4: Lettuce Stomata 1. Stoma 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Guard Cells Daytime (photosynthesis occurring) Nighttime CO2 O2 & H2O (Water Vapor) Plants need CO2 to conduct photosynthesis, they would also not be able to release water and die. Leaf Anatomy Leaves have epidermis with a waxy cuticle and stomata to prevent water loss; guard cells control the opening of the stomata Compare/Contrast using a Triple Venn Diagram the following processes: Photosynthesis, Transpiration, Respiration. A Segment from the Private Life of Plants with David Attenborough Overview and Carnivorous Plants: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6uVTqjPT fSE And Photosynthesis hogs/pollination masters: Giant waterlilies in the Amazon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igkjcuw_n _U Time for a BrainPop BrainPop Photosynthesis http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifea ndgenetics/photosynthesis/preview.weml Do Quiz Afterward OR BrainPop Carnivorous Plants http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/ carnivorousplants/preview.weml Today’s Learning Goals Transpiration(water loss through stomata) regulated by the guard cells through their opining/closing Leaves have epidermis with a waxy cuticle and stomata to prevent water loss; guard cells control the opening of the stomata In plants, chlorophyll (found in chloroplasts) captures energy from the sun in order to make food during photosynthesis Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes: Plants carry on photosynthesis/respiration where food is broken down into energy Plants make their own food through photosynthesis, animals consume energy rich food