Download GR#5 - Verbals - Gerunds

GERUNDS
GRAMMAR REVIEW #5
What is a gerund?
GERUND = A VERB THAT ENDS IN
–ING AND IS USED AS A NOUN
A gerund is the name of an action.
• Running is good exercise.
• His hobby is skating
• Personally, I prefer golfing.
What is a gerund phrase?
GERUND PHRASE = A GERUND THAT IS
ACCOMPANIED BY MODIFIERS AND/OR
AN OBJECT
The complete gerund phrase may be thought of as taking the place of a noun.
• Kayaking on the lake is Justin’s idea of relaxation.
• Nicole has the gift of always saying the right thing.
• Jonathan enjoys leisurely reading poetry in the evening.
What is a compound gerund?
COMPOUND GERUND = FORMED BY
PLACING A NOUN BEFORE A GERUND
• They enjoy mountain climbing.
• Arnold’s favorite activity is fly fishing.
WHAT AM I?????
IDENTIFY EACH EXAMPLE
BY HOLDING UP ONE OF THE
FOLLOWING NUMBERS:
(1) GERUND
(2) GERUND PHRASE
(3) COMPOUND GERUND
(1) GERUND
(2) GERUND PHRASE
(3) COMPOUND GERUND
APPEALING TO THEIR
INTELLIGENCE
(1) GERUND
(2) GERUND PHRASE
(3) COMPOUND GERUND
FLYING
(1) GERUND
(2) GERUND PHRASE
(3) COMPOUND GERUND
SHOOTING
PAINTBALLS
(1) GERUND
(2) GERUND PHRASE
(3) COMPOUND GERUND
SKEET SHOOTING
(1) GERUND
(2) GERUND PHRASE
(3) COMPOUND GERUND
LAUGHING
(1) GERUND
(2) GERUND PHRASE
(3) COMPOUND GERUND
ROCK CLIMBING
USAGE OF GERUNDS
A GERUND OR GERUND PHRASE MAY BE
USED IN THE SENTENCE IN MOST WAYS A
NOUN MAY BE USED!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
SUBJECT
DIRECT OBJECT
INDIRECT OBJECT
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
PREDICATE NOUN
APPOSITIVE
USAGE OF GERUNDS: EXAMPLES
• SUBJECT  Swimming is good exercise.
• DIRECT OBJECT  I enjoy swimming.
• INDIRECT OBJECT  Ramona gave swimming her best effort.
• OBJECT OF PREPOSITION  He won a medal for swimming.
• PREDICATE NOUN  Her hobby is swimming.
• APPOSITIVE  Our hobby, swimming, improved our muscle tone.
What’s my usage?
(SUBJECT – DIRECT OBJECT – OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
– PREDICATE NOUN – APPOSITIVE?)
JESSICA REALLY ENJOYS
BOTHERING THE NEIGHBORS
WITH LOUD MUSIC.
What’s my usage?
(SUBJECT – DIRECT OBJECT – OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
– PREDICATE NOUN – APPOSITIVE?)
I FINISHED PRACTICE AFTER
SWIMMING TEN
PUNISHMENT LAPS.
What’s my usage?
(SUBJECT – DIRECT OBJECT – OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
– PREDICATE NOUN – APPOSITIVE?)
A DANGEROUS ACTIVITY FOR
LONG-HAIRED PEOPLE IS
BLOWING GUM BUBBLES WITH
THE CAR WINDOWS OPEN.
What’s my usage?
(SUBJECT – DIRECT OBJECT – OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
– PREDICATE NOUN – APPOSITIVE?)
MY FAVORITE SUNDAY
ACTIVITY, READING, WAS CUT
SHORT BECAUSE OF OUR
DINNER PLANS.
What’s my usage?
(SUBJECT – DIRECT OBJECT – OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
– PREDICATE NOUN – APPOSITIVE?)
EATING ICE CREAM ON A HOT
A DAY CAN BE A GOOD WAY TO
COOL OFF.
CAUTION!!!!!!
“POSSESSIVE GOVERNS
THE GERUND!”
YOU NEED TO MAKE SURE YOU USE THE CORRECT
FORM OF THE PRONOUN BEFORE THE GERUND.
• Correct = Father objects to his staying in bed.
• Incorrect = Father objects to him staying in bed.
CAUTION!!!!!!
NOT ALL –ING WORDS
ARE GERUNDS!!!!
-ING VERBS CAN BE PART OF THE VERB PHRASE!
• Gerund = Drooling is rude.
• Verb Phrase = The baby is drooling into the mashed carrots.