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Gerunds I. Form a. A Gerund is a noun made from a verb. i. You form it by adding –ing to the base verb. ii. You form the negative by adding –not before the gerund. II. Function a. Since a gerund is a noun, it can function in the same way. For example, they can be: i. Subjects: Smoking is not healthy ii. Objects: I hate speaking in front of large audiences. iii. Negative sentences 1. I can’t stand not hearing your voice. 2. Not calling you back was the stupidest thing I’ve ever done. b. Examples with subjects i. Driving drunk causes accidents. ii. Listening to a lot of English will definitely help your grammar. iii. Lending money to him wouldn’t be smart. iv. Running 3 times a week improves your oxygen levels. c. They can be proceeded by possessive’s i. Your drinking is killing you. ii. Mike’s guitar playing is excellent. iii. Taina’s writing needs a little work. iv. The kid’s screaming is driving me crazy! d. They can be preceded by quantifiers i. Too much sleeping isn’t good for you. Not getting enough sleep isn’t good for you either. ii. There was a lot of screaming going on in that apartment. iii. Some dreaming occurs right when you fall asleep. iv. No talking allowed. e. They can be preceded by adjectives i. Her terrible singing caused the show to fail. ii. That is some beautiful guitar playing. iii. The most horrible night drinking I ever had. iv. There’s some excellent teaching at the school…especially Dave’s teaching ; >) III. Examples of the verb changed into a gerund a. Smoke Smoking kills His smoking killed him His incessant smoking killed him Too much of his smoking was caused by… b. Criticize Criticizing in some way is helpful. Constant criticizing is not helpful His constant criticizing is not helpful None of his constant criticizing is helpful. c. Live Living here is expensive. Extravagant living will take money from your bank account. Andre’s extravagant living is taking money from his bank account. Some of his extravagant living was caused by… d. Help Helping those less fortunate than you shows character Continuous helping, however, makes people depend on something. His continuous helping of those less fortunate was laudable. (worthy of praise) All of his continuous helping really made a difference. IV. Verbs + Gerund (as object) Admit anticipate appreciate avoid can’t stand complete Consider delay deny discuss dislike enjoy Finish can’t help keep mention mind miss Postpone practice quit recall recollect recommend Resent resist risk suggest tolerate understand To be worth V. Go + Gerund a. Use go with a gerund when you talk about activities i. Shopping ii. Kayaking iii. Skiing iv. Dancing v. Sailing vi. bowling vii. Camping viii. Canoeing ix. Fishing x. Hiking xi. Hunting xii. Jogging xiii. Mountain climbing xiv. Bungee jumping xv. Jogging xvi. Running xvii. Sightseeing xviii. Skating xix. Skinny-dipping xx. Sleigh riding xxi. Snorkeling xxii. Swimming xxiii. Window shopping VI. Special phrases followed by –ING a. Have difficulty b. Have a hard time c. Have a good time d. Have fun e. Find f. Spend time g. Waste time h. Was (to be) caught VII. Gerunds as objects of prepositions a. Gerunds usually follow prepositions b. Verb + preposition i. Can I count on you being there? Accused of Believe in Complain about Instead of Stop from Think of/about accustomed to blame for dream about/of look forward to succeed in in addition to capable of forgive for opposed to take advantage of apologize for committed to guilty of prevent from thank for fascinated with fed up with fond of furious with glad about good with guilty of happy about ready for responsible for sad about safe from satisfied with shocked at sick of slow at sorry for/about surprised at c. Adjective + preposition Accustomed to Afraid/scared of Amazed at Angry at Ashamed of Astonished by Aware of Awful/bad/poor at Bored with in/capable of careful of concerned about content with curious about different from excellent/good at excited about famous for