Download File - PRISMS Honors biology 2015-2016

Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 1: Exploring Biology Practice Problems
Ms. Chung
1.1
1) What are the seven characteristics of a living organism? Describe them in your own words.
Order, reproduction, growth and development, energy processing, regulation, response to environment,
evolutionary adaptation.
1.2
2) Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that
hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?
a. ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, organelle,
tissue
b. cell, molecule, organ system, organ, organelle, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem,
community
c. molecule, cell, organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, organelle, community,
ecosystem
d. molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community,
ecosystem
3) What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system?
a. The tissue level of organization is more inclusive than the organ system level.
b. Tissues are not composed of cells; organ systems are composed of cells.
c. A tissue cannot exist unless it is a component of an organ system, whereas an organ system can
exist independently of tissues.
d. An organ system includes tissues.
4) What distinguishes an ecosystem from a community and a biosphere?
An ecosystem includes both the physical properties as well as the living organisms of an environment
whereas a community only includes the living organisms.
A biosphere includes all the ecosystems that exist on earth.
1.3
5) What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
No nucleus
Nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound organelles
Smaller
Larger
Less complex
More complex
6) What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share in common?
Both have organelles such as ribosomes, both have membranes, both have cytoplasm. (Note that this is
not an all inclusive list).
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 1: Exploring Biology Practice Problems
Ms. Chung
1.4
7) Which of these sequences is not a correct pathway of energy through an ecosystem?
a. insects → birds → bacteria
b. plants → insects → birds
c. plants → birds → bacteria
d. bacteria → plants → birds
8) The dynamics of ecosystem include the ____recycling____________ of chemicals and the
____flow________ of energy.
9) How does the ecosystem gain energy? How does it lose energy?
The ecosystem often gains energy through sunlight and loses energy through heat.
10) Describe the process by which chemicals are recycled in the environment.
Chemicals (like CO2 and H2O) are taken up by plants and converted to sugars. Animals eat these sugars.
When the animals die, decomposers like fungi and bacteria decompose the wastes and remains of these
dead organisms, recycling the chemicals back into the environment.
1.5
11) Which of the following statements provides the best evidence that there is a common genetic code that
demonstrates the unity of life?
a. Bees, birds, and bats all have wings and fly.
b. Bacteria, mushrooms, and cats all have DNA.
c. Many insects can pollinate only a particular species of plant due to many generations of
evolutionary adaptation.
d. Through genetic engineering, a gene from a firefly can be inserted into a bacterium to make it
glow.
12) What are nucleotides? How many distinct nucleotides are used in DNA molecules?
Nucleotides are the chemical building blocks for DNA. There are 4 distinct nucleotides that make up
DNA.
13) Draw and label a segment of a DNA double helix:
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 1: Exploring Biology Practice Problems
Ms. Chung
1.6
14) Please fill out this table with the relevant information.
Cellular
organization:
Domain:
Kingdom:
Description:
Prokaryotic
Bacteria
Most diverse
and
widespread
prokaryotes.
Archaea
Eukaryotic
Eukarya
Fungi
Plant
Live in
Decomposers Producers
Earth’s
(Obtain
extreme
food via
environments
photosynthe
(ex. very low
sis
pH or hot
)
environments)
Animal
Consumers
(Obtain food
by eating
other
organisms)
Protist
(multiple
kingdoms)
Mostly
singlecelled
organisms
1.7
15) Explain the meaning of the phrase “descent with modification.”
The changes that occur in a species as traits are passed down through successive generations.
16) Which of the following statements about evolution is true?
a. Individuals evolve within the span of their own lifetimes.
b. Organisms evolve structures in response to needs.
c. Evolution is deliberate and purposeful.
d. Evolution can result in adaptations.
17) What is evolution and natural selection? How are these terms related to each other?
Evolution is “the process of change that has transformed life on earth.”
Natural selection is defined as the mechanism of evolution. It regards the difference in survival and
reproduction rates of individuals with different physical characteristics, leading to the selection of traits
best suited for the environment.
1.8-1.11
18) What are the basic steps of the scientific method?
Observations, hypothesis, design experiment to test hypothesis (the equivalent in your textbook to test of
prediction), analyze results. (if necessary, may need to reevaluate hypothesis and design a new
experiment based on the results)
19) What are important characteristics of a good hypothesis?
A good hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable.
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 1: Exploring Biology Practice Problems
Ms. Chung
20) What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
A theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis and is supported by a large and usually growing body
of evidence.
21) How does bacterial evolution contribute to the development of new drugs?
Since bacteria constantly evolve and adapt to our antibiotics, new drugs must continually be developed
that target these resistant strains of bacteria.
22) The role of a control in an experiment is to
a. provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group.
b. prove that a hypothesis is correct.
c. ensure repeatability.
d. counteract the negative effect of the experiment.
e. None of the above.
Summary questions:
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
23) Scientists were interested in knowing the best way to restore an area after a temporary road was built
through it. They completed a study comparing two treatments: (1) restoring the contour of an area so
that there was no longer a depression where the road was previously and (2) simply abandoning the area
to allow vegetation to return on its own. They wanted to know whether either or both of these treatments
would return the aboveground vegetation and the belowground soil properties to their original state, as
seen in a similar area where there had never been a road.
24) This study was focused on which level of life's hierarchy?
a. Organism
b. Community
c. Population
d. Ecosystem
25) Which of the following best describes the data that the scientists should collect and how they should be
compared?
a. comparison of plant species in the recontoured area, the abandoned area, and the never-roaded
area
b. comparison of properties of soil and plant species in the contoured area and abandoned area
c. comparison of soil properties and species of plants present in the contoured area with the neverroaded area and of the abandoned area with the never-roaded area.
d. comparison of soil properties only among all three areas since soil properties will determine
plant species
26) In this experiment, the area that had never had a road is useful to the experiment because
a. at least three samples are necessary to have a valid experiment.
b. the area never roaded serves as a control for the experimental variables of recontoured and
Honors Biology 2015-2016
Unit 1: Exploring Biology Practice Problems
Ms. Chung
abandoned.
c. the researchers need to know what species of plants were common to all three areas.
d. since all three areas had existed for the same amount of time, the third area allowed time to be
controlled as a variable.
Refer to the following graph to answer questions 28 – 30.
27) What independent variables are depicted in this graph?
There seem to be two independent variables in this graph – the variety of species (A or B) and the
temperature (7 C or 17 C)
28) What is the dependent variable?
Oxygen consumption or oxygen consumption/time.
29) Variety A and B represent two different species of dogs: Variety A = Poodles and Variety B = Pitbulls.
What is a viable hypothesis you could make by looking at this data?
The data suggests that Pitbulls have a higher rate of oxygen consumption than Poodles at 17 C and 7
C.