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Carbohydrates An organic compound that is the body’s main source of energy Sources: Function of Carbohydrates Primary source of energy for body (short-term) Sugar is absorbed in the small intestine Glucose is used in various tissues and organs Excess sugar is stored as Glycogen in the liver or in Adipose tissue as fat Complex vs. Simple Carbohydrates Video Simple “Bad”Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Very small molecules Exist in Pure Form Sugars – Glucose – the building block of sugars Fructose – fruit Galactose – Milk products Is Sugar Toxic Video? Disaccharide Sucrose = Table Sugar Glucose + Fructose Lactose = Milk Sugar Glucose + Galactose Complex “Good” Carbohydrates Polymer - A large molecule formed when small molecules of the same kind chain together Polysaccharides – Made of chemically linked monosaccharides – from ten to several thousand Examples: Starch – stored in seeds and roots Fiber – give plants their structure Carbohydrates Structure of Starch Amylose Linear molecules Amylopectin Multiple branches Structure of Fiber Soluble Fiber (Dietary) Forms a gel Slows digestion Insoluble Fiber Add bulk Laxative effect Do not dissolve Cellulose Glucose polymer Strengthen the plant’s cell walls and woody parts Fiber Video How many carbs per day? Based on a 2,000 Calorie Diet: RDA: 250 g Carbohydrates 25-38 g Fiber The average American only consumes 15 g of fiber per day. RDA Carbohydrates = 4 calories/gram How many calories from carbohydrates in one slice of this bread? Low-Carb Diets Ketosis A dangerous metabolic state Body burns its own fat for fuel Results in kidney stones and organ failure Increase in Cholesterol Increase risk of Osteoporosis Excreting Calcium in urine Increase risk of Cancer Depriving body of essential nutrients Sources http://www.leicestershirediabetes.org.uk/542.html http://www.newtreatments.org/scdietproof.php http://www.dotfit.com/content-1589.html http://www.extension.iastate.edu/humansciences/content/carbohydrate http://www.webmd.com/diet/high-protein-low-carbohydrate-diets http://www.healthcentral.com/diet-exercise/h/what-is-the-function-of-complexcarbohydrates-in-the-body.html
