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Wake-up man… Hey Smart Guy! Can you guess who can get prostate cancer? Not you? Well, guess again… any male can get prostate cancer Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening Not Much! Facts That Every Man Over 40 Should Know about Prostate Cancer Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening What is the Prostate Gland? The prostate is part of the male reproductive system Its major function is to secrete a fluid to nourish semen during intercourse The prostate is about the size of a walnut but it can grow with age It is located below the urinary bladder, in front of the rectum surrounding the urethra (the canal for the discharge of urine that extends from the urinary bladder to the outside) Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening What Is Prostate Cancer? • In prostate cancer, as in other types of cancer, cells grow out of control and form tumors • If the tumor is within the gland, the cancer is said to be localized and curable • If the cancer escapes the gland it is considered incurable • Early detection before the cancer escapes the gland becomes very important EARLY DETECTION CAN POSSIBLY SAVE YOUR LIFE Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening What are the symptoms of prostate cancer? You might not have any at all! Often there are none, or they are not recognized Major symptoms: Urinary frequency Slow urinary flow Painful urination Blood in urine or semen Impotence Lower back or thigh pain Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening How Significant Is Prostate Cancer? In the USA, 230,110 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every 3 minutes Prostate cancer deaths are estimated at 29,900 That is one death every 18 minutes Source: Cancer Facts and Figures –2004- American Cancer Society Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening How much of a threat? Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed non-skin cancer in American men and the second leading cause of cancer death . Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening How does early detection help? Survival rate at 5 years is 99% for those whose cancer is still just in the prostate gland (localized). Survival rate at 5 years for those whose cancer has spread beyond the gland (late diagnosis) is only 31% Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening Who Is at Most Risk? Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. Prostate cancer is almost twice as common in African-American men than in Caucasian men African Americans are more than twice as likely to die when diagnosed than Caucasian men Although all men are at risk PSA Screening Prostate cancer risk factors: Age: The risk increases with age, but 25% of diagnoses are made under age 65. Race: African-Americans have a rate of incidence double that of Caucasian men Family history of prostate cancer: Men with a family history have two- to three-fold increase in the risk of prostate cancer Diet: A diet high in saturated animal fat can double the risk of developing prostate cancer. Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening Race as a Risk Factors Afr.-Am. 230.3 Cauc. Hisp. Asian Incidence Death 55.0 153.5 24.1 106.7 16.8 91.3 11.1 Source: Rates per 100,000 and age-adjusted. SEER incidence and U.S. cancer death rates, 1990-95, in Cancer 82: 1197-207, 1998 (SEER = NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and EndResults Program Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening Family History as a Risk Factor 2.4 times increased risk for men with a first-degree relative (Spitz, et al, “Familial patterns of prostate cancer: A case-control analysis”, J Urol, 1991, 146:1305-1307) Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening Diet As A Risk Factor Eating red meat increases the risk of developing prostate cancer 2.64 times Red meat and dairy products are high in saturated fat rich in arachidonic acid (a fatty acid) Vegetable oil is rich in alpha linolenic acid (a fatty acid) By-products of these fats promote the growth and seriousness of prostate cancer Eating a diet high in fats also lowers the body’s defenses Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening So what CAN I eat? A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables! (5 servings/day) Lower your intake of red meat, processed and fried foods. Eat more plant-based food like soy protein. Watch portion sizes (3 oz meat/serving) Eat foods with lycopene (tomatoes, watermelon and red grapefruit) which may be associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening Prevention • Selenium supplements in the organic form grown in yeast. (200 mcg) --In randomized studies this dose reduced the incidence of prostate cancer 63% • Natural vitamin E (50 IU) --Shown in clinical trials to reduce the risk of prostate cancer by 40% Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening How to Avoid an Advanced Stage Diagnosis Early Detection is the Answer PSA Men are assuming more responsibility for their health Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening No Warning! Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. Since symptoms can be caused by other conditions annual testing is KEY! Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a blood test Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), a physical exam Basic tools to find Prostate Cancer EARLY! PSA Screening What You Should Know About the PSA Test PSA is checked by a fingerstick blood test screening Please note that an out-of-range results could be caused by other problems so check with your doctor A follow-up visit to the doctor for a physical prostate check (DRE) improves the value of your PSA testing in early disease detection DRE and PSA together are often able to detect prostate cancer better and sooner than either test alone. Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening Why do I have to have a DRE? Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. In the DRE the doctor examines you by feeling the prostate gland through the rectum with his finger (digit) DRE improves the value of PSA testing in early disease detection DRE and PSA together are often able to detect prostate cancer better and sooner than either test alone PSA Screening Testing Guidelines DRE: 40 years and older every year (American Cancer Society guidelines) PSA: 50 years and older every year (American Cancer Society guidelines) If family history of prostate cancer and/or African-American: 40 years and older every year (American Cancer Society guidelines) Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening Be a man! Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. Take responsibility for your health! The normal range for PSA is 0.0 to 4.0 ng/ml. (This is just a guideline range) Knowing your “PSA number” lets you help track your own health. PSA Screening Get checked at your health fair Date: Time: Room: For more Information contact: Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening What if my PSA is high? See your doctor for a thorough examination. Infection needs to be ruled out. Antibiotics are often prescribed to rule out infection A free-PSA ratio test may be ordered if PSA remains high after antibiotics. It helps detect the presence of prostate cancer. A freePSA ratio of 15% or less indicates a high probability of prostate cancer. Ultrasound and biopsy examination may be ordered if the Free-PSA ratio indicates possible cancer. Administered by HEART SCREEN Inc. PSA Screening