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Wake-up man…
Hey Smart Guy!
Can you guess who can get prostate
cancer?
Not you?
Well, guess again… any male can
get prostate cancer
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PSA Screening
Not
Much!
Facts That Every Man Over 40 Should
Know about Prostate Cancer
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PSA Screening
What is the Prostate Gland?
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The prostate is part of the male
reproductive system
Its major function is to secrete a fluid
to nourish semen during intercourse
The prostate is about the size of a
walnut but it can grow with age
It is located below the urinary
bladder, in front of the rectum
surrounding the urethra (the canal for
the discharge of urine that extends
from the urinary bladder to the
outside)
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PSA Screening
What Is Prostate Cancer?
• In prostate cancer, as in other types of cancer, cells
grow out of control and form tumors
• If the tumor is within the gland, the cancer is said
to be localized and curable
• If the cancer escapes the gland it is considered
incurable
• Early detection before the cancer escapes the
gland becomes very important
EARLY DETECTION CAN
POSSIBLY SAVE YOUR LIFE
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PSA Screening
What are the symptoms of
prostate cancer?
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You might not have any at all!
 Often there are none, or they are not recognized
Major symptoms:
 Urinary frequency
 Slow urinary flow
 Painful urination
 Blood in urine or semen
 Impotence
 Lower back or thigh pain
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How Significant Is Prostate Cancer?
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In the USA, 230,110 men will be diagnosed with
prostate cancer. That is one man diagnosed every 3
minutes
Prostate cancer deaths are estimated at 29,900 That is
one death every 18 minutes
Source: Cancer Facts and Figures –2004- American Cancer Society
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PSA Screening
How much of a threat?
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Prostate cancer is the
most diagnosed non-skin
cancer in American men
and the second leading
cause of cancer death .
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PSA Screening
How does early detection help?
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Survival rate at 5 years is
99% for those whose cancer
is still just in the prostate
gland (localized).
Survival rate at 5 years for
those whose cancer has
spread beyond the gland
(late diagnosis) is only 31%
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Who Is at Most Risk?
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Prostate cancer is almost
twice as common in
African-American men than
in Caucasian men
African Americans are more
than twice as likely to die
when diagnosed than
Caucasian men
Although all men are at risk
PSA Screening
Prostate cancer risk factors:
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Age: The risk increases with age, but 25% of diagnoses are
made under age 65.
Race: African-Americans have a rate of incidence double that
of Caucasian men
Family history of prostate cancer: Men with a family history
have two- to three-fold increase in the risk of prostate cancer
Diet: A diet high in saturated animal fat can double the risk of
developing prostate cancer.
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Race as a Risk Factors
Afr.-Am. 230.3
Cauc.
Hisp.
Asian
Incidence
Death
55.0
153.5
24.1
106.7
16.8
91.3
11.1
Source: Rates per 100,000 and age-adjusted. SEER incidence and U.S. cancer death rates,
1990-95, in Cancer 82: 1197-207, 1998 (SEER = NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and EndResults Program
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Family History as a Risk Factor
2.4 times increased risk for men with a first-degree
relative
(Spitz, et al, “Familial patterns of prostate cancer: A case-control
analysis”, J Urol, 1991, 146:1305-1307)
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Diet As A Risk Factor
Eating red meat increases the risk of developing prostate cancer
2.64 times
Red meat and dairy products are high in saturated fat rich in
arachidonic acid (a fatty acid)
Vegetable oil is rich in alpha linolenic acid (a fatty acid)
By-products of these fats promote the growth and seriousness of
prostate cancer
Eating a diet high in fats also lowers the body’s defenses
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So what CAN I eat?
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A balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables! (5 servings/day)
Lower your intake of red meat, processed and fried foods. Eat
more plant-based food like soy protein.
Watch portion sizes (3 oz meat/serving)
Eat foods with lycopene (tomatoes, watermelon and red
grapefruit) which may be associated with a decreased risk of
prostate cancer.
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Prevention
• Selenium supplements in the organic form
grown in yeast. (200 mcg)
--In randomized studies this dose reduced the
incidence of prostate cancer 63%
• Natural vitamin E (50 IU)
--Shown in clinical trials to reduce the risk of
prostate cancer by 40%
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PSA Screening
How to Avoid an
Advanced Stage Diagnosis
Early Detection is the Answer
PSA
Men are assuming more
responsibility
for their health
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PSA Screening
No Warning!
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Since symptoms can be caused by
other conditions annual testing is
KEY!
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a
blood test
Digital Rectal Examination (DRE), a
physical exam
Basic tools to find Prostate Cancer
EARLY!
PSA Screening
What You Should Know About
the PSA Test
PSA is checked by a fingerstick blood test screening
Please note that an out-of-range results could be caused by other
problems so check with your doctor
A follow-up visit to the doctor for a physical prostate check (DRE)
improves the value of your PSA testing in early disease
detection
DRE and PSA together are often able to
detect prostate cancer better and sooner
than either test alone.
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PSA Screening
Why do I have to have a DRE?
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In the DRE the doctor examines
you by feeling the prostate
gland through the rectum with
his finger (digit)
DRE improves the value of PSA
testing in early disease
detection
DRE and PSA together are often
able to detect prostate cancer
better and sooner than either
test alone
PSA Screening
Testing Guidelines
 DRE: 40 years and older every year
(American Cancer Society guidelines)
 PSA: 50 years and older every year
(American Cancer Society guidelines)
 If family history of prostate cancer and/or
African-American: 40 years and older every year (American
Cancer Society guidelines)
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PSA Screening
Be a man!
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Take responsibility for your
health!
The normal range for PSA is
0.0 to 4.0 ng/ml. (This is
just a guideline range)
Knowing your “PSA number”
lets you help track your own
health.
PSA Screening
Get checked at your health fair
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Date:
Time:
Room:
For more Information contact:
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PSA Screening
What if my PSA is high?
 See your doctor for a thorough examination. Infection needs to be
ruled out.
 Antibiotics are often prescribed to rule out infection
 A free-PSA ratio test may be ordered if PSA remains high after
antibiotics. It helps detect the presence of prostate cancer. A freePSA ratio of 15% or less indicates a high probability of prostate
cancer. Ultrasound and biopsy examination may be ordered if the
Free-PSA ratio indicates possible cancer.
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PSA Screening