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WWII Battles European Theater Nazi army Invasion of Poland Germany – Nazis led by Hitler Hitler blitzkrieg into Poland and takes it over September 1, 1939 Official start of the war in Europe Fall of France Germany invaded from the North and pinned down 400,000 British and French troops on their march toward Paris Italy entered on Germany’s side and invaded France from the south France surrendered its country to Germany Charles de Gaulle Fled to England Set up a government in exile Battle of Britain Germany launched a naval and air war at the same time Constant bombing by German planes every night for months Britain’s Royal Air Force fights them off and Hitler stops the attack, but still bombs the cities Did not lose Britain – basically a tie Battle of the Atlantic Try to cut off supplies to Britain and the Soviet Union. U-boats blowing up supply ships. In 7 months destroyed 681 Allied ships Allies started using convoys to protect ships and sonar to find U-boats and blow them up US increased shipbuilding 140 ships per month Allies win Turning point of the war on the water Battle of Stalingrad Hitler invades Stalingrad. Nightly air raids started almost every building on fire Ready to give up, Stalin said NO!! Weeks of hand to hand combat Germans controlled 9/10 of what was left of the city However during the winter Soviets cut off German supplies. Germans starved, froze, and surrendered Soviet Union wins 1,100,000 Soviets died Soviet army began to move west towards Germany North Africa - Operation Torch Invasion of Axis controlled North Africa by Allies. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower - Allied leader Gen. Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) - Axis leader Allies win Importance - Allies controlled North Africa EISENHOWER ROMMEL D-Day – June 6, 1944 Largest land, sea, air invasion Beaches of Normandy, France. Gen. Eisenhower head general 3 million British, US, and Canadian troops Gen. Omar Bradley – in battle Gen. George Patton – in battle Allies win Importance - Freed France Battle of the Bulge Germans attempt to break Allied lines in Germany. Month long battle Huge German losses 120,000 troops, 600 tanks and assault guns, 1,600 planes Allies win Importance - Last counter attack for Axis. Germany back on their heels Pacific Theater Pearl Harbor – Oahu, Hawaii Emperor Tojo of Japan Surprise attack on America’s pacific fleet Importance Causes US to declare war on Japan Japan’s Kamikaze pilots Crash their plane to destroy a target Ultimate devotion to country Highly respected and honored Battle of the Coral Sea Took place among airplanes only Allies win Importance - 1st stop of a Japanese invasion Battle of Midway Japan tries to invade Midway island. US finds out it was next We stomp them destroying 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes Allies win Importance - Turning point in the Pacific. Avenged Pearl Harbor Iwo Jima 6,000 Marines died taking the island but only 200 Japanese survived Allies win Importance - Critical to reach Japan Battle for Okinawa Kamikaze attacks. 7,600 Americans killed. Japan lost 110,000 Allies win Importance - Last island to control before mainland of Japan Hiroshima and Nagasaki Dropped Nuclear bomb on each city No choice but to surrender Allies win Importance - Ended the war in the Pacific