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Low Melting Points Low Boiling Points At high Temperatures they Decompose = “CRACK” Most are not water soluble….. Some have large Numbers of atoms 95% of all compounds are defined as “Organic” There are roughly one million known compounds For a large part all contain Carbon and Hydrogen Carbon Atom Characteristics Valence = +/- 4 Bonding Covalent Paraffins (Also known as Alkanes or Saturated Hydrocarbons. No Double bonds between any Carbons Compound Formula = CnH2n+2 Want to Practice? Olefins (Also known as Alkenes , Alkynes or Unsaturated hydrocarbons. Rarely occur in nature. Contain Double or triple bonds. Not as strong as Alkanes. Naming of Compounds Isomerism (Isomers) Organic Molecules that have the same formulas but a differing arrangement of the atoms involved. So……even though they have the same formula ….they have different properties Whether the compounds are Saturated or Unsaturated they are called “Aliphatic Compounds” because they are either straight or branched Hydrocarbons. Isomers of Butane Animation of Isomerism Cyclic Hydro Carbon Groups – two fewer hydrogens. “Cyclo…..ane” = no Double or Triple bonds. “Napthenes” Aromatics- lack one hydrogen on each Carbon atom. Promotes double bond every other Carbon in the ring. Symetric so…no isomers Benzene = main building block for petro industry “Aromatic” because of the sickening Sweet smell of these compounds. Toulene and Xylene Ring with one carbon substituted by another element. Very popular in Petrochemicals Ethylene Oxide Caprolactam Oxygenated Compounds Alcohols -OH Group attached Ketones Aldehydes Acids Ethers Anhydrides Combustion Substitution