Download Organic Chemistry - EO-204-Distillation

Low Melting Points
Low Boiling Points
At high Temperatures they Decompose =
“CRACK”
Most are not water soluble…..
Some have large Numbers of atoms
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95% of all compounds are defined as “Organic”
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There are roughly one million known compounds
For a large part all contain Carbon and Hydrogen
Carbon Atom Characteristics
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Valence = +/- 4
Bonding
 Covalent
 Paraffins (Also known as Alkanes or Saturated
Hydrocarbons. No Double bonds between any Carbons
Compound Formula = CnH2n+2 Want to Practice?
 Olefins (Also known as Alkenes , Alkynes or Unsaturated
hydrocarbons. Rarely occur in nature. Contain Double or
triple bonds. Not as strong as Alkanes.
 Naming of Compounds
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Isomerism (Isomers)
Organic Molecules that have the same formulas but
a differing arrangement of the atoms involved.
So……even though they have the same formula
….they have different properties
Whether the compounds are Saturated or
Unsaturated they are called “Aliphatic Compounds”
because they are either straight or branched
Hydrocarbons.
Isomers of Butane
Animation of Isomerism
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Cyclic Hydro Carbon Groups – two fewer
hydrogens. “Cyclo…..ane” = no Double or
Triple bonds. “Napthenes”
Aromatics- lack one hydrogen on each Carbon
atom. Promotes double bond every other
Carbon in the ring. Symetric so…no isomers
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Benzene = main building block for petro industry
“Aromatic” because of the sickening Sweet smell of
these compounds. Toulene and Xylene
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Ring with one carbon substituted by another
element. Very popular in Petrochemicals
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Ethylene Oxide
Caprolactam
Oxygenated Compounds
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Alcohols -OH Group attached
Ketones
Aldehydes
Acids
Ethers
Anhydrides
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Combustion
Substitution