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Chapters 1-8 Red font indicates a skill needed- application of facts studied, to solve a problem. Blue font indicates facts and concepts which need to be learned, recalled and understood. 1 Cells Recognise cells and organelles from microscope images. Recognise some specific cell adaptations to function, ie surface area root cell, red blood cell function. Calculate measurements of organelles Recall the functions of cell organelles 2. Biological molecules Know the most important and common elements of cells, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Know the basic building blocks of life, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Know how to test for each of these. Recognise monosacharides and polysacharides. Understand the importance of the peptide bond in joining amino acids. Understand the importance of water for life, both as a habitat and as a transport medium. 3. Enzymes Recognise a diagramatic image of an enzyme molecule, label active site, substrate and inhibitor types Recognise graphs of enzyme activity Recall limiting factors of enzyme activity Know the functions of some specific enzymes. 4. Membranes and transport Understand how the phospholipid bilayer works. Understand diffusion, facilitated diffusion active transport and osmosis. Understand the importance of water potential. Know what happens to plant and animal cells placed in liquids of different concentrations Know vocabulary for different types of movement including bulk transport. 5. Genetic control Know the structure of DNA nucleotides. Know the correct base pairings and the bonds between them. Understand how proteins are coded for by DNA segments. Be familiar with meselsohn and stahls experiment to prove that DNA replication is semi conservative. Be able to code and uncode DNA, mRNA and tRNA sequences 6.Nuclear division Know the correct number of chromosomes in gametes and regular cells. Be familiar with chromosome structure, and specific meanings of chromatid, locus and centromere. Know what happens at each stage of mitosis. Be able to identify stages of mitosis on microscope photographs Know causes of cancer and differences between benign and malignant tumours. 7. Energy and ecosystems Know the specific meanings of habitat, population, ecosystem and niche. Be able to describe energy flow through an ecosystem. Interpret a food chain, food web and identify sources of energy loss. Calculate productivity of an ecosystem. Describe all steps of the nitrogen cycle. 8. Mamalian transport Describe the relationship between an organisms size, activity, surface area and transport system. Know the different structure and functions of veins, arteries and capillaries. Interpret graphs detailing blood pressure in different parts of the mamalian circulatory system. Know the composition of blood, lymph and tissue fluid, and how the concentrations of substances are balanced. Understand how heamoglobin carries oxygen, and be aware of the difference of partial pressures in different parts of the circulatory system. Understand the Bohr shift and how CO2 is carried in the blood.