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Transcript
Earth’s Interior KENDRA MERKEL 5.E.1.1 – STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO DESCRIBE THE BASIC STRUCTURES OF EARTH’S INTERIOR. Earth’s Layers History of Earth Billions of years ago, Earth started out as a hot, gooey ball of rock. The heaviest material, mostly iron and nickel, sank to the center of the Earth and became the core. The surface of the Earth slowly cooled off and hardened. These surface rocks became the crust. Crust 1st layer of Earth Eventually it sinks into the mantle Two types: 1. Oceanic Crust: found on the ocean floor, made of dense rocks 2. Continental Crust: found under land masses, ex: granite Mantle 2nd Layer of Earth that lies between the core and the crust. Consists of hot, semisolid rock and is about 1,802 miles thick! Three Layers of Mantle: 1. Lithosphere – outer most shell of the mantle, broken into pieces that “float around 2. Asthenophere – the layer that the pieces that the lithosphere float around on 3. Lower Mantle – the rest of the mantle between the upper mantle and the core = lower mantle, denser and hotter than the upper mantle. Core 3rd layer, very hot center to our planet Made up almost entirely of metals – iron and nickel This makes earth magnetic and controls the North and South poles Approximately 750 miles thick 7,200 – 9,000 degrees hot! Plate Tectonics 8 major plates on Earth – many minor plates Constantly moving – centimeters a year They float on the lithosphere Scientists think all the continents used to be connected Theory of Pangea Earth’s Change Earth does not stay the same, it is constantly changing Pangea – a theory that all Earth’s 7 continents were at one point connected. Over time, the continents spread apart because of tectonic movement. Today, it looks like an unfinished puzzle Sea levels rise and fall to create different tides (high/low) Volcanos – when they erupt, the lava hardens and creates buildup. Overtime, these masses become bigger. Other Factors Erosion from water flow, chemical weathering, and wind Rain creates new rivers Topographical Maps Topographic maps: allow you to see a three-dimensional landscape on a two-dimensional surface. Show the land's contours, elevations, mountains, valleys, bodies of water, vegetation and more. This contour and elevation information distinguishes them from other maps.
