Download Proteins

Chemicals That are
Important for life
Chapter 1 Lesson 2
A little background…
• Not all chemicals are harmful to living things
• _________________ is one of the most important life chemicals
• Other important chemicals include proteins, carbohydrates, fats,
vitamins, and minerals
• Plants make their own food using energy from the sun and chemicals
they get from the air and soil.
• The chemicals that are needed for life and come from foods are called
nutrients.
Importance of Water
• _________________ as we know it cannot exist without water.
• Special properties of water allow it to break things apart into
________________ _____________________.
• When the particles of water and broken down substance become
equally mixed, they form a solution.
• A solution is a mixture in which the particles are mixed equally.
• Think about drinks you enjoy. Tea, Koolaid, and hot chocolate are all
solutions!
Water is inside every one of your cells!
• Water’s ability to break down particles is important to cells
• Cells are so small that the particles that enter them must be very tiny
• Have you accidentally bitten your lip or tongue?
• The salt and iron you taste is part of the solution of chemicals that make up
your blood.
• Fact: Humans can live several weeks without food, but only a few
days without water.
Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates or carbs are sugars and starches with living things use
for energy.
• Some examples include:
• ____________________
• Fruits like oranges and apples
• Sugar from sugarcane
• Dairy products like milk and yogurt
• ____________________
• Vegetables like potatoes and corn
• Grains like breads, rich, and pasta
Were do carbs come from?
• Plants use the energy from sunlight to make carbohydrates.
• Plants pull carbon dioxide from the air and water to make
carbohydrates.
• Animals get their carbohydrates from ___________________
they eat.
• Carbs are divided into two groups:
• ___________________ carbohydrates are all sugar
• ___________________ carbohydrates are made of sugars, starches,
and fiber.
• These are much better for you!
Energizing Carbs!
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• Carbs are the _____________ your body needs to carry out life
activities.
• Carbs work like __________ ___ __ __________.
• Carbs are broken down in your body (Like gas is burned in a car)
• Energy is released
• The energy makes your body go!
• Fact: Coffee does not actually give you energy. It makes you use the
energy you have from carbs faster. So, drinking coffee is like pressing
down harder on the gas pedal of a car.
Fats
• Fats are a chemical that stores large amounts of ________________.
• The energy is released when the fat is _______________
____________.
• Of all the important chemicals, fat has the most energy.
• Fats protect your body by keeping it insulated (warm) and padded.
• Some examples include:
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____________________
Cheese
____________________
Peanut butter
Fats and oils
• Fats are related to oils.
• Fats are solid at room temperature.
• Oils are liquid at room temperature.
• Some examples include:
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•
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________________ ______________
________________ ______________
________________ ______________
________________ ______________
Proteins
• Proteins are a chemical used by living things to build and repair body parts
and regulate body activities.
• Some examples include
• Meat:
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__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
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__________________________
__________________________
Nuts
Cheese
• Non-meat options
Powerful Proteins
• Provide energy for living things
• Help repair damaged cells and build new ones
• _________________________________________________________
• Help control body activities such as
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________________ ______________
_____________________ _________
Fighting infections
Controlling body chemistry
Keeping the body running smoothly
Proteins are a basic part of living cells
• Cells put together molecules (mainly proteins) to carry out
__________________ _________________________.
• Proteins are made of long chains that are smaller than molecules
called amino acids.
• There are _________ different amino acids that can be arranged to
create different types of protein.
• Proteins fold into shapes to perform different functions.
• If a protein folds the wrong way or has a missing part, it may not be able to do
its job.
• Ex) proteins with incorrect structures in the brain cause Alzheimer’s disease
DNA and Proteins
• __________ in the cell nucleus contains the code needed to
produce proteins.
• When a cell receives a signal from the body that a protein is
needed, the ___________inside the nucleus reproduces the
code for the protein.
• The code is carried by ___________ out into the cell.
• ______________________ read the ____________ and join
together the amino acids using the __________code.
• Fact: A change in one atom of the DNA molecules an change the
protein that is produced.
Importance of Nutrients
• To keep your body working, you need a regular supply of water,
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from the foods you eat.
• _________________ foods give you _______________nutrients, so it
is important to eat many kinds of healthy foods.
Your body also needs minerals and vitamins.
• Minerals and vitamins are chemicals found in foods that are needed
by living things in small amounts.
• Examples of Minerals include:
• ________________
• ________________
• ________________
• Examples of Vitamins include:
• _______
• _______
• _______
Basic Life Activities
Chapter 1 Lesson 4
You’re getting a puppy!!!!
• What plans will you need to make?
• What will you need to buy for it?
Getting Food
• All living things _____________ ________________.
• Animals get their food from ___________ and other ______________
• Plants make their own food using the sun’s energy. They make
carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
Using Food and Removing Waste
• Animals eat food and _____________________ it.
• Digestion: the process by which living things break down food.
• The broken down particles are taken to _______________
• Cells release the energy that is stored in the chemicals of food
through a process called Respiration.
• Oxygen is used to release stored energy.
• Respiration also produces ______________ ____________________.
• Excretion is the process that removes waste from living things.
• Exhaling and going to the bathroom are two ways animals remove their
waste.
Movement
• Movement is a conmen activity for living things
• Plants do not move from place to place, but their stems and leaves
________________and_____________ as they grow.
Plants growing and moving
• There is constant moments inside living things
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Material in animals and plants is always changing
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Materials are moving in and out of cells
Sensing and Responding
• Animals and plants have organs that pick up, or sense, signals from
their surroundings
• These signals include:
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________________
________________
________________
________________
Homoeostasis
• Organisms have the ability to maintain their internal conditions.
• Example:
• Your body’s ability to keep you temperature within a normal range
Growth, Development, and Reproduction
• Growing is part of being alive
• All animals and plants ___________________________.
• Many things develop as they grow
• Development means becoming different over time.
• Example:
• Tadpoles hatch from eggs and slowly develop into frogs
• All living things produce offspring though reproduction
• Some living things reproduce by themselves
• Other living things need two parents to produce offspring