Download File - jj-sct

CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
47
Animal
Development
Clicker Questions by
Roberta Batorsky
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
An advantage of internal fertilization over external
fertilization is that
a) internal fertilization allows animals to reproduce
sexually.
b) internal fertilization requires much less expenditure of
resources.
c) internal fertilization produces more offspring, ensuring
rapid population growth.
d) internal fertilization prevents the drying out
of gametes in a dry environment.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
An advantage of internal fertilization over external
fertilization is that
a) internal fertilization allows animals to reproduce
sexually.
b) internal fertilization requires much less expenditure of
resources.
c) internal fertilization produces more offspring, ensuring
rapid population growth.
d) internal fertilization prevents the drying out
of gametes in a dry environment.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that
a) oogenesis produces one haploid cell and
spermatogenesis produces four.
b) oogenesis begins at the onset of puberty.
c) spermatogenesis begins in the embryonic
stage of development.
d) oogenesis produces one ovum and
spermatogenesis produces four
spermatozoa.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that
a) oogenesis produces one haploid cell and
spermatogenesis produces four.
b) oogenesis begins at the onset of puberty.
c) spermatogenesis begins in the embryonic
stage of development.
d) oogenesis produces one ovum and
spermatogenesis produces four
spermatozoa.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A blood sample taken from a woman in her 40s
showing high levels of estrogen, progesterone, hCG,
and prolactin suggests that
a) she will ovulate within one week.
b) she has not been sexually active for several months.
c) she is pregnant.
d) she is undergoing early menopause.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
A blood sample taken from a woman in her 40s
showing high levels of estrogen, progesterone, hCG,
and prolactin suggests that
a) she will ovulate within one week.
b) she has not been sexually active for several months.
c) she is pregnant.
d) she is undergoing early menopause.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
An infant suckling on the breast of a woman who has
recently given birth sends a nerve impulse to the
pituitary gland. The pituitary gland then secretes
oxytocin, which stimulates the mammary glands in the
breasts to release milk. What type of hormonal
feedback is this?
a) negative feedback
b) positive feedback
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
An infant suckling on the breast of a woman who has
recently given birth sends a nerve impulse to the
pituitary gland. The pituitary gland then secretes
oxytocin, which stimulates the mammary glands in the
breasts to release milk. What type of hormonal
feedback is this?
a) negative feedback
b) positive feedback
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In cleavages immediately after zygote formation, the
cells generally skip the G1 and G2 portions of the cell
cycle because the cell is
a) not undergoing transcription.
b) not undergoing translation.
c) not undergoing replication.
d) not translating its mother’s RNA.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In cleavages immediately after zygote formation, the
cells generally skip the G1 and G2 portions of the cell
cycle because the cell is
a) not undergoing transcription.
b) not undergoing translation.
c) not undergoing replication.
d) not translating its mother’s RNA.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The formation of the fertilization membrane and the
slow block to polyspermy are dependent on
a) the entrance of potassium ions into the egg.
b) the departure of sodium ions from the egg.
c) the entrance of calcium ions into the egg.
d) the departure of hydrogen ions from the egg.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The formation of the fertilization membrane and the
slow block to polyspermy are dependent on
a) the entrance of potassium ions into the egg.
b) the departure of sodium ions from the egg.
c) the entrance of calcium ions into the egg.
d) the departure of hydrogen ions from the egg.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Diploidy is first reestablished following
a) fertilization.
b) gastrulation.
c) parthenogenesis.
d) organogenesis.
e) ovulation.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Diploidy is first reestablished following
a) fertilization.
b) gastrulation.
c) parthenogenesis.
d) organogenesis.
e) ovulation.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Development must occur in the order of which of the
following sequences?
a) cleavage  blastula  gastrula  morula
b) cleavage  gastrula  morula  blastula
c) cleavage  morula  blastula  gastrula
d) gastrula  morula  blastula  cleavage
e) morula  cleavage  gastrula  blastula
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Development must occur in the order of which of the
following sequences?
a) cleavage  blastula  gastrula  morula
b) cleavage  gastrula  morula  blastula
c) cleavage  morula  blastula  gastrula
d) gastrula  morula  blastula  cleavage
e) morula  cleavage  gastrula  blastula
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In humans, identical twins are produced by the
separation of cells during
a) gastrulation.
b) organogenesis.
c) pattern formation.
d) blastomere cleavage.
e) the development of the notochord.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In humans, identical twins are produced by the
separation of cells during
a) gastrulation.
b) organogenesis.
c) pattern formation.
d) blastomere cleavage.
e) the development of the notochord.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The anatomical axis that is largely symmetrical in both
frogs and humans is
a) medial to lateral.
b) dorsal to ventral.
c) anterior to posterior.
d) animal to vegetal.
e) rostral to caudal.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The anatomical axis that is largely symmetrical in both
frogs and humans is
a) medial to lateral.
b) dorsal to ventral.
c) anterior to posterior.
d) animal to vegetal.
e) rostral to caudal.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
See the data on the following slide. How were the researchers
able to independently measure DNA synthesis and RNA
synthesis?
a) Uridine is a nucleoside building block for DNA but not RNA,
whereas thymidine is a nucleoside building block for RNA but
not DNA.
b) Thymidine is a nucleoside building block for both DNA and
RNA, but uridine is a nucleoside building block for RNA only.
c) Thymidine is a nucleoside building block for DNA but not
RNA, whereas uridine is a nucleoside building block for
RNA but not DNA.
d) Uridine is a nucleoside building block for both DNA and RNA,
but thymidine is a nucleoside building block for DNA only.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
See the data on the following slide. How were the researchers
able to independently measure DNA synthesis and RNA
synthesis?
a) Uridine is a nucleoside building block for DNA but not RNA,
whereas thymidine is a nucleoside building block for RNA but
not DNA.
b) Thymidine is a nucleoside building block for both DNA and
RNA, but uridine is a nucleoside building block for RNA only.
c) Thymidine is a nucleoside building block for DNA but not
RNA, whereas uridine is a nucleoside building block for
RNA but not DNA.
d) Uridine is a nucleoside building block for both DNA and RNA,
but thymidine is a nucleoside building block for DNA only.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The graph on the following slide shows DNA synthesis and RNA
synthesis with and without the toxin that prevents cell division.
For the DNA data, one straight line represents the general trend
for time points 1–5, and another straight line represents that for
time points 5–11. What changes in synthesis occur at the end of
cleavage, at time point 5?
a) The rate of DNA synthesis decreases, and RNA
synthesis begins.
b) The rate of DNA synthesis increases, and RNA synthesis
begins.
c) The rate of DNA synthesis does not change, but the rate of
RNA synthesis increases.
d) The rates of both DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis
decrease.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The graph on the following slide shows DNA synthesis and RNA
synthesis with and without the toxin that prevents cell division.
For the DNA data, one straight line represents the general trend
for time points 1–5, and another straight line represents that for
time points 5–11. What changes in synthesis occur at the end of
cleavage, at time point 5?
a) The rate of DNA synthesis decreases, and RNA
synthesis begins.
b) The rate of DNA synthesis increases, and RNA synthesis
begins.
c) The rate of DNA synthesis does not change, but the rate of
RNA synthesis increases.
d) The rates of both DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis
decrease.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The researchers hypothesized that the toxin increases diffusion
of thymidine into the embryos. What was their reasoning?
a) The rate of RNA synthesis is much higher with the toxin than
without the toxin, suggesting that more thymidine was
available to the embryo.
b) The rates of DNA synthesis are the same with and without
the toxin, so the likely explanation is that the DNA is
labeled more extensively due to a greater uptake of the
labeled thymidine.
c) The rate of DNA synthesis is much higher with the toxin than
without the toxin, suggesting that more thymidine was
available to the embryo.
d) Much higher amounts of thymidine are seen with the toxin
than without the toxin, but uridine levels are about the same
with the toxin and without the toxin.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The researchers hypothesized that the toxin increases diffusion
of thymidine into the embryos. What was their reasoning?
a) The rate of RNA synthesis is much higher with the toxin than
without the toxin, suggesting that more thymidine was
available to the embryo.
b) The rates of DNA synthesis are the same with and
without the toxin, so the likely explanation is that the
DNA is labeled more extensively due to a greater uptake
of the labeled thymidine.
c) The rate of DNA synthesis is much higher with the toxin than
without the toxin, suggesting that more thymidine was
available to the embryo.
d) Much higher amounts of thymidine are seen with the toxin
than without the toxin, but uridine levels are about the same
with the toxin and without the toxin.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Do the data support the hypothesis that the timing of
the end of cleavage depends on counting cell
divisions?
a) No, because the toxin's blockage of cell division
does not affect the timing of the end of cleavage.
b) Yes, because the toxin's blockage of cell division
causes cleavage to continue indefinitely.
c) Yes, because the toxin's blockage of cell division
lengthens the duration of cleavage.
d) No, because the toxin's blockage of cell division
lengthens the duration of cleavage but does not
cause cleavage to continue indefinitely.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Do the data support the hypothesis that the timing of
the end of cleavage depends on counting cell
divisions?
a) No, because the toxin's blockage of cell division
does not affect the timing of the end of cleavage.
b) Yes, because the toxin's blockage of cell division
causes cleavage to continue indefinitely.
c) Yes, because the toxin's blockage of cell division
lengthens the duration of cleavage.
d) No, because the toxin's blockage of cell division
lengthens the duration of cleavage but does not
cause cleavage to continue indefinitely.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What do these results indicate about the timing of the
end of cleavage?
a) The end of cleavage depends on the number of cell
divisions, but this number changes when the block
to polyspermy is disrupted.
b) The end of cleavage depends on the nucleus-tocytoplasm ratio.
c) The end of cleavage depends on the number of cell
divisions.
d) The end of cleavage depends on the number of
nuclei present in each cell.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What do these results indicate about the timing of the
end of cleavage?
a) The end of cleavage depends on the number of cell
divisions, but this number changes when the block
to polyspermy is disrupted.
b) The end of cleavage depends on the nucleus-tocytoplasm ratio.
c) The end of cleavage depends on the number of cell
divisions.
d) The end of cleavage depends on the number of
nuclei present in each cell.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.