Download Robin Hood - Writing Excellence

e
m
pl
Grammar
Sa
Robin Hood
STUDENT BOOK 2
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Pamela White
THIRD EDITION
Instructions
Welcome to Fix It! Grammar. This year you can enjoy learning grammar by seeing how it
works in a real-life story.
GET READY
Fix Its
Grammar Glossary
Rewrite
Vocabulary
e
To organize your work, you will need a notebook with four sections. If the book you are
holding is already spiral bound, then your notebook will contain just the last two sections:
You will also need an envelope or pouch for your grammar review cards, which are
located after page 72 and just before the Grammar Glossary section.
m
pl
LEARN IT
With your teacher, read through the “Learn It” section for the week. This will show you
what you will be looking for that week and for weeks to come.
To help you remember and review what you learned, find the grammar card(s) for the
week. Keep them in an envelope and lay them all out on the table each time you work on
Fix It! so that the information is at your fingertips.
FIX IT
Each day complete the following tasks.
Read
Look up the bolded word in a dictionary. Decide which definition best
fits the meaning of the word in this sentence. On a separate piece of
paper in the vocabulary section of your notebook, write a brief definition
(using key words) labeled with the appropriate week. You will add to this
list every day.
Sa
Vocabulary
Read the sentence.
Day 1
Your teacher will help you mark and fix the first passage. Complete the
rewrite after fixing.
Days 2–4
Use the abbreviations at the top of the page along with the grammar
cards to help you remember how to mark the passage. Your teacher will
help you with anything you miss. Remember, a mistake is an opportunity
to learn.
Rewrite
After marking, correcting, and discussing the passage with your teacher
each day, copy the corrected passage into a separate notebook so that you
end up with a handwritten copy of the complete story. Your teacher can
show you an example of the rewrite in the teacher’s book.
Be sure to double-space.
Do not copy the markings, just the story.
Be careful to indent where indicated and use capital letters properly.
Carefully copy the punctuation and use end marks.
If you are ready, let’s get started!
Fix It! Grammar: Robin Hood, Student Book 2
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
3
Week 1
Indentation, Capitalization, Articles and Nouns,
Who-Which Clauses, and End Marks
Be sure to cut out the Week 1 grammar cards located at the back of this book before the
Grammar Glossary. Keep them in an envelope so you can reference them as needed. The
first card provides the reminders listed on page three of this book.
LEARN IT
Since this is the first day, there are several things you need to know to get started. But do
not worry; they are easy! Read through these few things with your teacher, who will use
the Day 1 passage to show you how they work.
Indent
e
In fiction (stories), you should start a new paragraph for these four
reasons: new speaker, topic, place, or time. To remind you to indent in
your rewrite, add the ¶ symbol or an arrow ( ) in front of the sentence
that needs an indent.
m
pl
In stories, the indentation rules are somewhat flexible, so your choice to
indent may be different from what is recommended in the teacher book.
That is fine! As long as you can explain why your choice fulfills a rule for
indentation, you are good to go.
Capitalization
You will not see any capital letters in your student book sentences.
Show where capitals are needed by drawing three short lines directly
underneath letters that should be capitalized. In your copy work, be sure
to use capital letters where needed instead of those three lines. Rules to
remember:
Always capitalize the first word of a sentence, even a quoted
sentence that falls in the middle of a longer sentence.
Always capitalize proper nouns, which are nouns that name specific
persons, places, or things.
Sa
Do not capitalize titles when used alone (like “the king”) but do
capitalize them when used with a name (King Arthur).
Articles (ar)
Use the grammar cards to review the term article. There are only three
articles: a, an, and the. Mark them by printing ar over each one. Articles
are useful because they signal that a noun is coming.
Noun (n)
Use the grammar cards to review the term noun. Nouns are things,
people, animals, places, and ideas. To determine if a word is a noun,
apply the noun test. Print an n above each noun in the passage.
Who-Which
(w-w)
If you have been doing Excellence in Writing, you have likely heard the
term dress-ups. Dress-ups are ways of dressing up style in writing by
using stronger vocabulary or more complex sentence structure. On Day 4
keep an eye out for the who-which clause. Mark it by writing w-w above
the who or which.
End Marks
Remember that every sentence must have an end mark. They are
missing in this week’s sentences. Decide which kind of end mark (period,
question mark, or exclamation point) each sentence needs and add it on.
4
Institute for Excellence in Writing
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Week 1
vocabulary
¶ (indent)
capitals
end marks ( . ? ! )
ar (articles: a, an, the)
n (nouns)
w-w (who-which)
DAY 1
in the olden days of england, king henry the second reigned over the land
e
DAY 2
robin hood
DAY 3
m
pl
there lived within the green glades of sherwood forest a famous outlaw whose name was
no archer that ever lived could shoot a bow and arrow with such expertise as he did
DAY 4
he was not alone, either, for at his side were blameless, loyal men, who rambled with him
Sa
through the greenwood shades
Fix It! Grammar: Robin Hood, Student Book 2
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
5
Week 8
Main and Dependent Clauses, Clause Starters,
Lie versus Lay
Cut out the Week 8 grammar cards to help you remember these concepts.
LEARN IT
Last week you learned how to identify the subject of a sentence by finding the verb, and
you put square brackets around the clauses. This week you will learn how to tell the
difference between two types of clauses: main and dependent. For each subject-verb
pair, you will need to determine if it belongs to a main clause or a dependent clause. Use
brackets [ ] to surround main clauses and parentheses ( ) to surround dependent clauses.
Here is how you can tell.
e
Main Clause
(MC)
Continue to use the
abbreviations at the
top of the next page
and the grammar
cards to help you
remember how to
mark and correct
the passage. Your
teacher will help you
as much as you need.
Remember, a mistake
is an opportunity to
learn.
A main clause is a clause that can stand alone as a sentence. Like all
clauses, it must have a subject and a verb. Examples: [Robin Hood stood
alone]. [His courageous men stood with him].
m
pl
Main clauses usually start with a subject or with an article (a, an, the)
and/or adjectives plus subject. Sometimes the subject-verb will be
switched. Examples: [There gathered around him displaced countrymen].
[Up rose his Merry Men].
If there is a prepositional phrase in the middle or at the end of the clause,
include it in the clause. However, if the prepositional phrase comes at the
beginning, do not include it. Examples: [Robin perched in the sycamore
tree]. In the tree [Robin was safe].
To help you see the main clauses, label them MC.
Dependent
Clause (DC)
A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence. It looks like a
main clause, but one or more words in front of it turn the main clause
into something that leaves us hanging. Place the dependent clause in
parentheses ( ) and label it DC.
Sa
A who-which clause is one example of a dependent clause. It cannot
stand alone. Examples: (which displayed great courage) or (who sang like
a bird).
Clause
Starters (cl)
There is another list of words that can be used to start a dependent
clause. The words are when, while, where, as, since, if, although, because.
To help you remember the list, use the acronym www.asia.b.
www.asia.b
Officially, these words are called subordinating conjunctions because
they begin a subordinate clause, but you do not have to worry about the
terminology. For now, just learn the list of words. There are more words
that can be added to that list, but this is a good start.
Mark the www.asia.b word with a cl and put parentheses around the
clause. Label the clause DC.
Usage: lie/lay
18
It is important to learn when to use lay and when to use lie (in the sense
of lying down, not telling a lie). You lie yourself down; you lay down
an object. Thus, a character might lie down, but he will lay down his
weapons. You can lie on the couch but lay your book on the table. It is
tricky because the past tense of lie is lay, but the past tense of lay is laid.
Keep the grammar card for this handy, and practice in the Fix Its.
Institute for Excellence in Writing
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Week 8
vocabulary
¶ (indent)
capitals
homophones and
usage
commas ( , )
end marks ( . ? ! )
quotation marks ( “ ” )
cc adj ly prep
S S/w-w V
cl (www.asia.b)
MC (Main Clause)
[put MCs in brackets]
DC (Dependent Clause)
(put DCs in parentheses)
e
DAY 1
robin hood lay / laid in hiding in sherwood forest for one year as he adroitly prepared his
DAY 2
m
pl
new life
while he was gaining valuable hunting skills, there / their / they’re gathered around him many
others who were displaced, to / two / too
DAY 3
Sa
some men who were famished had shot deer in wintertime when they could obtain
to / two / too little food for there / their / they’re families
DAY 4
although the foresters had discovered them in the act, they had narrowly escaped, thus
saving themselves
Choose the single strongest verb, adjective, and -ly adverb from the week.
Fix It! Grammar: Robin Hood, Student Book 2
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
19
Week 28
No New Concepts
LEARN IT
There are no new concepts this week. See if you can answer the questions below. If not,
check your grammar cards for the answers.
1. Name the coordinating conjunctions. (Hint: the reminder acronym is FANBOYS.)
2. What is the comma rule for two verbs combined with a coordinating conjunction?
3. What words can be handy for combining sentences that share a common noun? (Hint:
this is a dress-up.)
e
Do you remember what these vocabulary words mean? If not, look them up in your
vocabulary list in the back of your notebook.
thatching
shrewd
dexterous
inflamed
smote
thwacked
m
pl
hairsbreadth
Sa
happenstance
58
Institute for Excellence in Writing
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Week 28
vocabulary
¶ (indent)
capitals
homophones and
usage
commas ( , )
end marks ( . ? ! )
quotation marks ( “ ” )
cc prep cl
S S/w-w V [MC] (DC) (AC)
#1 MC #2 prep
#3 -ly #5 AC
#6 vss
DAY 1
e
Think about whether to start a new paragraph when Robin addresses Will Stutely. Also, at the end of this passage, Robin is not
finished speaking.
robin accepted the challenge. i will stoop to you as i have never stooped to man
DAY 2
m
pl
before. friend stutely cut down a white piece of bark 4 fingers tall and wide
nail it fourscore yards distant on yonder white oak. if stranger you hit that target
then / than you can dub yourself an archer
DAY 3
Sa
aye, i surely will strike the mark answered he hand me a stout bow and a straight
broad arrow. if i hit it not thrash me blue with bowstrings
DAY 4
In your rewrite, combine the first two sentences with a which clause.
he chose a bow and a straight shaft. it was well feathered and smooth. he stepped
up to the mark with alacrity
Choose the single strongest verb, adjective, and -ly adverb from the week, but do not choose the first word of any sentence.
Fix It! Grammar: Robin Hood, Student Book 2
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
59
indent
¶ New speaker
¶ New topic
¶ New place
¶ New time
articles
ar
w-w
who-which clause
a / an / the
e
m
pl
Sa
Fix It
Read the sentence.
Look up the bolded word in a dictionary and add the key word definition to your notebook.
On Day 1, mark and fix the first passage with your teacher. After
fixing, complete the rewrite. (See the back side of this card for rewrite
instructions.)
On Days 2–4: Use the abbreviations at the top of the student page and
the grammar cards to help you remember how to mark and correct the
passage. Your teacher will help you with anything you miss. Remember, a mistake is an opportunity to learn.
capitals
The squire called, “Make way for
King Arthur, the king.”
nouns
n
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Sa
Week 1
Week 1
Use “which” for things and “who” for people.
A who-which clause usually describes the noun (the
thing) that comes immediately before it.
Who-Which Clauses (w-w)
Week 1
the ________; a/an ________
Can an article come in front of it?
Is it countable? two ________
To determine if a word is noun, apply these two tests,
which work best for objects and animals:
Nouns are things, people, animals, places, and ideas.
Nouns (n)
When a letter should be capitalized, draw three lines
under the letter as an indicator.
e
Do not use capitals for titles like king and princess
when they are not used with a name. E.g., the king
versus King Arthur.
Use a capital letter for proper nouns such as names.
Articles always set up a noun. When you see an
article, a noun is sure to follow, although sometimes a
describing word may come in between, as in “a small
dwarf.”
Week 1
Use a capital letter for the first word of sentences,
including the first word of quoted sentences.
Capital Letters
Remember to use capital letters properly.
Carefully copy the corrected punctuation and use
end marks.
Do not copy the markings, just the story.
m
pl
Week 1
Be sure to double-space and indent where
indicated.
Copy the corrected passage into a separate notebook.
Rewrite It
Articles are easy because there are only three of them:
a, an, the
Articles (ar)
new speaker
new topic
new place
new time
In stories, we start a new paragraph for four reasons:
To remind you to indent, use a ¶.
Indent Rules
pronouns
pr
I, me, you
he, him, she, her, it
we, they, them
e
m
pl
coordinating conjunctions
cc
FANBOYS
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
I need this, that,
and the other thing.
commas with items in a series
Sa
end marks
?!.
verbs
vb
Verb test:
I will ______________
Yesterday I ________________
usage
its / itis
its = possessive
it’s = it is
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Sa
Week 2
Week 2
singing, laughing, and giggling
quickly, fiercely, and angrily
Advanced: Can apply to phrases and other parts of speech:
Do not use a comma when the cc joins only two items:
this and that
Three or more items in a series take commas:
this, that, and the other thing
Put the comma before the cc.
Commas with Items in a Series
They eat mushrooms, but they don’t eat cabbages.
He can leap over the book and out the door.
She likes cats or dogs.
Week 1
e
it’s = it is, think itis.
To remember that
His, hers, and its do not use an apostrophe.
Be careful with possessive pronouns!
Usage: its / it’s
Week 2
Helping verbs:
am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been (be verbs, which can
also be linking verbs)
have, has, had
do, does, did
may, might, must, ought to
would, will, could, can, should, shall
Action verbs express action (as in chop, budge, confide) or
ownership (as in have, possess, own).
Verbs
Week 2
Use an exclamation mark (!) at the end of an
exclamatory statement (Stop that man!) and some
interjections (Hey!).
Use a question mark (?) for questions.
Use a period (.) for statements.
End Marks
m
pl
Week 2
Coordinating conjunctions connect together two or
more of the same types of words, phrases, or clauses.
Coordinating Conjunctions (cc)
I, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, we, they, them
Here is a list of pronouns to look for:
Personal pronouns refer back to some person or
thing recently mentioned and substitute for that
person or thing.
Pronouns (pr)
“quotations”
The old woman asked, “Would you like an apple?”
ly
-ly adverb
Sa
then / than
usage
“Why don’t you take one,” coaxed the old lady, “and
see for yourself?”
The young lady replied, “They do look lovely. I would
take one, but I was told not to accept gifts from
strangers.”
e
m
pl
homophones and usage
there / their / they’re
to / two / too
commas with NDAs
Stand, Robin Hood!
adjectives
adj
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Week 5
When they do, they can count as the -ly adverb
dress-up.
Many adverbs end in -ly.
Adverbs usually modify verbs or adjectives and answer
the questions how, when, or where.
-ly Adverbs (ly)
The deer were more than sixty yards away.
Week 4
Week 4
Week 3
Week 4
The ___________ pen
To determine if a word is an adjective, apply this test:
Adjectives are descriptive words that describe (or
modify) nouns and pronouns. Usually they come
before the noun they modify (the useful pen), but they
can come after a linking verb (it is useful).
Adjectives (adj)
At your turn, Robin, you will hit the bull’s-eye.
e
How are you, fair maiden?
Boy, fetch me an arrow.
NDAs: Nouns of Direct Address are set off with
commas.
Two = 2
To is the preposition: to the right; to the store.
It is also the “to + verb” form of a verb: to rush; to seize.
m
pl
Then Robin Hood slipped into the forest.
Examples:
than = a comparison term
then = immediately afterward or next
Commas with NDAs
to, two, too
Use they’re for the contraction meaning they are.
Use their for ownership, something belonging to people.
Use there to indicate a place (here or there).
Usage: then / than
there, their, they’re
Too = also or too much.
It is easy to remember because it has one too many o’s!
Sa
Week 3
When you copy quotations, pay attention to the punctuation and copy it
exactly.
Enclose what someone says in quotation marks but not narration that sets
up a quotation.
When the speaker continues with more than one sentence, do not add
close quotes until the end of his speech. Sometimes a speech will cover
more than one day’s assignment.
Commas and periods go inside closing quotation marks.
If narration interrupts a speech, use commas on both sides of the
interruption. Commas “hug” the word they follow—that is, they come
right next to it—not the word after them.
Quotations “ ”
subject
S
e
m
pl
1. Find the verb.
2. Ask, “Who or what is doing the action?”
3. Mark it with an S.
clause starters
cl
www.asia.b words
when, while, where, as, since, if,
although, because
The sentence begins with a prepositional phrase.
#2 Prepositional (#2 prep)
The sentence begins with a main clause.
#1 Subject Opener (#1 MC)
sentence openers
Sa
prepositions
prep
prep + noun (no verb)
clause: subject-verb
[Main Clause] MC
Can stand alone as a sentence
(Dependent clause) DC
Cannot stand alone as a sentence
Usually starts with who-which, that, or www.asia.b
usage
lie / lay
Someone lies himself down but lays down an object.
The past tense of to lie is the same as
the present tense of to lay.
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Sa
Week 7
Week 8
#2 Prepositional Opener (#2 Prep)
Starts with a preposition + noun and does not have a verb.
Example: #2 Prep In the tree [Robin was safe.]
#1 Subject Opener (#1 MC)
Usually starts with a subject or an article. There can be adjectives too.
Examples: [#1 MC Robin Hood stood alone.] [#1 MC His courageous
men stood with him.]
The subject-verb can be inverted. Examples: [#1 MC There gathered
around him displaced countrymen.] [#1 MC Up rose his Merry Men.]
Sentence Openers
These words start a group of words that have a subject
and verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence.
when, while, where, as, since, if, although, because
www.asia.b:
Week 8
Since who or which is usually the subject of its clause, label it with
both an S and a w-w.
The easiest way to identify subjects is to find the verb first and then
ask, “Who or what is doing this action?” That is the subject. Mark
subjects with a capital S.
Clause Starters (cl)
aboard
about
above
according to
across
after
against
along
amid
among
around
as
aside
at
because of
before
behind
below
beneath
beside(s)
between
beyond
by
concerning
Prepositions
despite
down
during
except
for
from
in
inside
instead of
into
like
minus
near
of
off
on, onto
opposite
out
outside
over
past
since
through
throughout
Week 8
to
toward
under
underneath
unlike
until
up
upon
with
within
without
Week 5
I had laid the book on the table. (past participle)
Yesterday I laid the book on the table. (past)
I will lay the book on the table. (present)
Someone lays down an object. The three main verb forms:
I had lain down. (past participle)
Yesterday I lay down. (past)
I will lie down. (present)
Someone lies himself down. The three main verb forms:
Usage: lie / lay
Week 8
Dependent clause pattern:
Usually starts with who-which, that, or a clause starter (www.asia.b).
e
Main clause pattern:
Usually starts with a subject or an article. There can be adjectives too.
Examples: [Robin Hood stood alone.] [His courageous men stood with
him.]
The subject-verb can be inverted. Examples: [There gathered around him
displaced countrymen.] [Up rose his Merry Men.]
Include the prepositional phrase unless it comes at the beginning.
Examples: [Robin perched in the sycamore tree.] In the tree [Robin was
safe.]
Clause: subject-verb
m
pl
Saying that a noun is a subject identifies how it functions in that
sentence.
Not all nouns and pronouns function as a subject.
Subjects are nouns or pronouns that perform a verb action.
Subject
commas with adjectives before nouns
e
m
pl
Coordinate adjectives need commas: dewy, silent leaves.
You can insert and between them or reverse their order.
Cumulative adjectives do not take commas: one fair morn.
You cannot insert and between them or reverse their order.
commas with adverb clauses
MC AC
AC, MC
one or two words
First, second, third ...
numbers
Sa
sentence openers
#3 -ly Adverb Opener (#3)
The sentence begins with an -ly adverb.
#5 Clausal Opener (#5 DC)
The sentence begins with a www.asia.b word
and has a subject-verb pair.
sentence openers
#1 subject
#2 prepositional
#3 -ly adverb
#5 clausal (www.asia.b)
#6 vss (2-5 words)
commas with cc’s
Yes: MC, cc MC
one, two, and three
No:
MC cc 2nd verb
one and two
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
These are Sample Pages for preview only! Copyrighted Materials!
Sa
Week 12
Week 24
Spell out all ordinal numbers (first, second, third…), which
are numbers that show an order or progression. Example:
The second sister was permitted to rise to the surface.
Spell out numbers that can be written in one or two words.
Use figures for other numbers. Example: The younger of his
two daughters had racked up one thousand text messages
on her cell phone in a single month!
Numbers
Week 10
e
Do not use commas before cc’s when they join
two items in a series (not MCs)
Example: fine gardens and wide lawns.
two verbs with one subject (MC cc 2nd verb)
Example: He bowed and walked away.
Use commas before cc’s when they join
two main clauses (MC, cc MC)
Example: The arrow struck him, and he toppled forward with a cry.
three or more items in a series (a, b, and c).
Example: He ran to the window, opened it, and vaulted out.
Commas with cc’s
Weeks 18 and 19
#1 Subject
Usually starts with a subject or an article. There can be adjectives too. The
subject-verb can be reversed.
#2 Prepositional
Starts with a preposition + noun and does not have a verb.
#3 -ly Adverb
Begins with an -ly adverb.
#5 Clausal (www.asia.b)
Begins with a clause starter: when, while, where, as, since, if, although, because.
Must have a subject-verb pair. Begins a dependent clause.
#6 vss (Very Short Sentence)
2–5 words. Must include a subject and a verb and stand alone as a complete
sentence.
Sentence Openers
Week 13
#5 Clausal Opener (#5 DC)
This opener begins with a www.asia.b word (when, while, where, as,
since, if, although, because), creating a dependent clause.
#3 -ly Adverb Opener (#3)
Whenever a sentence begins with an -ly adverb, mark it with a #3.
Add a comma after the -ly adverb if it needs a strong pause. Examples:
Surely Robin would not miss! Certainly, Robin hit the bull’s-eye.
Sentence Openers
m
pl
Week 14
There are two comma rules to remember when it comes to adverb
clauses.
Always use commas after #5 clausal openers, even if they are short.
Example: #5 When he finished, they thanked their old friend.
If the adverb clause is not at the beginning of a sentence, a comma
is usually not needed. Example: Meet me if you dare.
Simply watch the patterns:
Main Clause Adverb Clause (MC AC)
Adverb Clause comma Main Clause (AC, MC)
Commas with Adverb Clauses
Coordinate adjectives each describe the noun independently. With
cumulative adjectives, the last adjective pairs with the noun as a unit;
the adjective before that describes the adjective-noun pair.
Ask:
Can you reverse their order and they sound right?
Can you add and between them?
If either or both tests work, the adjectives are likely coordinate
and will need a comma between them. If they fail the test, they
are likely cumulative adjectives.
Be sure not to put a comma between the last adjective and noun.
Commas with Adjectives Before Nouns