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Name: Period: (Academic) th 7 Grade Science: Semester Review – Spring 2017 Part II: Due Date_____________________ The final exam will cover the following topics: Heredity and Genetics Natural Selection, Modern Genetics, Classification & Dichotomous Keys Survival and Adaptations Matter & Energy Cycles (Ecology) Biomes and Water Ecosystems (and Succession) Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Catastrophic Events Texas Ecoregions, and Water Space, The Final Frontier Two important notes before we begin: Not all of this information is in your book. Class notes will be the best place to find these answers. Vocabulary for Part II units is on the last page Matter and Energy Cycles (Ecology) 1. Fill in the organizational chart from organism to ecosystem. Organism Ecosystem 2. Explain the relationship between biotic factors, abiotic factors, and an ecosystem. 3. Give two examples of: Biotic factors Abiotic factors 4. _________________is the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment. 5. A shows the way energy is transferred through a community by showing one feeding relationship. 6. A 7. An shows all of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem. shows the flow of energy through an ecosystem, showing the loss of energy from one consumer level to the next. 8. Draw a food chain using the following organisms: grass; hawk; mouse; snake 9. What would happen to the food chain you just drew if the herbivore was killed? Specifically answer what would happen to the producer, and what would happen to the carnivore. 10. Draw an energy pyramid and label the levels. Use these labels: Carnivore (secondary consumer); Herbivore (primary consumer); Producer; Top carnivore (tertiary consumer) 1 11. Which of the levels in your energy pyramid would have the smallest population? Why? ______________________________ 12. If the producer had 100,000 Kc of available energy, how many Kc of energy would the primary consumer receive of the original energy?___________________________ 13. Organisms that return nutrients to the soil for plants to use are called . 14. How does a cow receive the energy it needs for life activities? Please use the word photosynthesis in your explanation. 15. What type of energy is stored in food? Where did this energy *originally* come from? 16. What type of energy is stored in a glucose molecule? 17. If you eat a piece of bread, what energy transformation will take place in the mitochondria of your cells? to and 18. Is any energy lost during an energy transformation, such as the one above, or from kinetic energy to potential energy? (Hint: Here’s the law: “Energy , only changed in form.”) 19. What is considered to be food for plants? 20. In the mitochondria of all living cells, oxygen and glucose combine in a process known as and the products of this chemical reaction are and _____, . 21. Label the diagram using the following words: CO2; Cellular respiration; Glucose; Oxygen; Photosynthesis; H2O 22. Please fill in the following table: Reactants: Products: a. Photosynthesis: _____________ _____________ b. Cellular respiration: _____________ _____________ 23. In the Carbon Cycle, what two processes return carbon to the air?_______________and ______ 24. The Water Cycle, the Carbon Cycle, and the Nitrogen Cycle all show the cycling of what?_______________ 25. Nitrogen is an important element in living organisms because it is necessary to make what macromolecule? (Hint: It is one of the food energy nutrients.) 2 26. Composting uses the biological process of ________________________________, so that matter can be used as fertilizer. What two elements did we specifically need to include in our compost mixture? (Hint: Think ‘browns’ and ‘greens’.) 27. Besides the two elements from the previous question, a healthy compost bin also requires these two things to work successfully. 28. _________________________________________is the total mass of living organisms in a certain area. 29. In cellular respiration, the carbon in the molecules of carbon dioxide comes from where? Biomes and Water Ecosystems (and Succession) 30. ________________________and determine which types of organisms live in a land biome. (These are the limiting factors for land biomes.) 31. __________________________and determine which types of organisms live in water ecosystems. (These are the limiting factors for water ecosystems.) 32. Know the “story” (climate, plants, and animals) of each of the biomes and the water ecosystems. (Attach your Biomes chart to this review.) 33. Which biome has the greatest biodiversity? 34. Climate is composed of 35. The and . is the narrow layer near the Earth’s surface where life exists. 41.______________________________are the basis for food chains in the oceans. 42.____________________is the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time. 43._____________________is the change that occurs in an area where no ecosystem had existed. (It starts from bare rock.) Example: 44. _________________________is the change that occurs after a disturbance in an ecosystem. (It starts with soil already in place.) Example: 45. The first living things to develop in a previously lifeless area are . 46. Biodiversity is affected by what three things? a. b. c. 47. How does the biodiversity found in an area affect that area’s sustainability? 48. When an ecosystem contains many different species, there are usually a high number of links in its food web. What happens to the ecosystem if you remove one link in the food web? 3 49. What tool would you use to sample a microhabitat to find out the number and variety of different species in a given area? 50. Name four ways in which humans can cause the loss of species or disruption of biodiversity on Earth. a. c. b. d. 51. The measure of an ecosystem’s ability to withstand change and remain diverse and productive over time is known as . Space, The Final Frontier Vocabulary words are on the very last page of your Semester Review 52. Earth is sometimes called the Goldilocks Planet because we have all the necessary elements to sustain life. What are the key elements? (p 623-626 lists the 6 things in bold red font!) 53. When an astronaut is exploring space, what does the astronaut’s vehicle or spacesuit provide for them that keeps them alive? (p. 639) 54. What are 3 conditions affecting the human body in space? (p. 638) Matter and Energy Ecology Organism Species Populations Community Environment Ecosystem Abiotic factors Biotic factors Energy Transform Transfer Radiant energy Chemical energy Thermal energy Potential energy Kinetic energy Autotroph Heterotroph Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Chlorophyll Glucose Habitat Niche Producer Consumer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Herbivore Carnivore Omnivores Scavengers Decomposers Food chain Food web Energy pyramid Biomass Decomposition Carbon cycle Water cycle Nitrogen cycle Composting Biosphere Biosphere Biome Climate Precipitation Climatogram Adaptation Permafrost Deciduous trees Conifers Plankton Estuary Brackish water Intertidal zone Neritic zone Open sea zone Photosynthetic zone Abyss Fast moving bodies of water Slow moving bodies of water Habitat Microhabitat QuadratBiodiversity Sustainability Equilibrium Habitat loss Poaching Pollution Native species Exotic species Succession Primary succession Pioneer species Climax community Secondary succession Space Atmosphere – Mixture of gasses that surround a planet. Gravity the force of attraction between objects due to their masses and distances between them Launch - the process of setting a rocket or spacecraft in motion Orbit – the path a body follows as it travels around another body in space Ozone – a molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms Solar system – a collection of large and small bodies that orbit a central star Spacecraft – a crewed of unscrewed space vehicle designed to be placed in orbit around earth or a path in space. Ultraviolet radiation- A type of solar radiation that can harm life Weightlessness - the apparent weight of an object that is freely falling due to gravity 4