Download Circulatory System

Circulatory System
Alex Wiemann
Circulatory System
 The human circulatory system functions
to transport blood and oxygen from the
lungs to the various tissues of the body.
Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Structure
Strong, elastic, larger Thin, single-layered
Thin, large lumens
Function
Pumps blood away
Links arteries and
from the heart out to veins. Where
the body
exchange of
molecules happens.
Pumps blood back to
the heart after the
exchange of
molecules.
Circulatory System
The Route of Blood
 Blood enters the right side of the heart through the first part of
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the superior and ending part of the inferior vena cava as well as
the coronary sinus where it enters the right atrium.
Next it flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
The blood goes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary
trunk and pulmonary artery and into the lungs
Blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
The blood then enters back into the left atrium then through the
bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle.
The blood flows through the aortic valve into the aorta and
systemic circulation takes place and deoxygenated blood comes
back through the veins and back into the heart for circulation
again.
Composition of Blood
 Blood is composed of formed elements including
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets which are also known
as thrombocytes.
 These elements are responsible for the duties of transport,
immunity, and clotting.
 These elements are carried in the plasma, the liquid form of
blood.
Erythrocytes
 Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, have the appearance of
biconcave disks.
 They take on the shape of a flattened circle with a depression
in the middle.
 The shape of a red blood cell is specialized for the diffusion of
gas which provides a surface for transporting oxygen to the
various areas of the body.
Open and Closed Circulatory System
Closed circulatory system
• Vertebrates have a closed
circulatory system.
• Closed circulatory systems
have the blood closed at all
times within vessels of
different size and wall
thickness.
• Blood is pumped by a heart
through vessels and does not
normally fill body cavities.
Open circulatory system
• The open circulatory system
is common to mollusks and
arthropods (invertebrates).
• Open circulatory systems
pump blood into a hemocoel
with the blood diffusing back
to the circulatory system
between cells.
• Blood is pumped by a heart
into the body cavities, where
tissues are surrounded by the
blood.
The Types of Circulatory Systems
Aortic Aneurysm
 A bulging of part of the aorta is called an aneurysm.
 Large or fast growing aneurysms can rupture, causing
significant loss of blood into the abdominal cavity.
 Aortic aneurysms are usually symptomless, but if there are
symptoms, they may include back, chest or abdominal pain.
 Options for treatment range from watchful waiting to
surgery, depending on the size and location of the aneurysm.
Arteriovenous Malformations
 Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), are abnormal tangles of
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blood vessels within an area of the circulatory system.
They develop either before or right after birth.
Few symptoms of AVMs show in most people with them. It is
possible that AVMs could cause headaches, seizures, or paralysis,
because of a decrease of oxygen to an area, bleeding, or pressing
on a vital structure.
About one percent of people with AVMs die annually.
Treatment includes surgical removal, stereotactic radiosurgery,
and endovascular embolization.
References
 http://www.ideacenter.org/contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/11
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http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html
http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Blood.ht
ml
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Route_of_blood_flow_through_th
e_heart
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/car
dio2/structure.html
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Human-CirculatorySystem.topicArticleId-8741,articleId-8711.html
http://www.mayoclinic.org/arteriovenousmalformation/treatment.html