Download Catal Huyuk Catal Huyuk was a Neolithic village in

Dalya Ackerman
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History P4
Packet B
Theme 3, Political: Catal Huyuk
Catal Huyuk was a Neolithic village in Anatolia, or modern-day Turkey. It was founded
around 7000 BCE. Catal Huyuk covered 32 acres of land, making it one of the largest known
Neolithic towns. People in permanent and large settlements like this had different lifestyles than
those who lived more nomadic lifestyles. The city had no walls, unlike Jericho. The fertile soil of
the area made this city a favorable spot for early agriculture. Most of the buildings seem to be
designed for domestic purpose, with no known public facilities. Although, some of the larger
buildings are decorated with murals, the purpose of these facilities is unclear.
Ayesha Bakshi
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History / Period 4
Packet B
Theme 3 - Political: Shang Dynasty
The third theme is political and one of the concepts in this theme is the Shang
Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty was in China. At the time of many of the global
civilizations, the Chinese civilization was near the Yellow River or Huang He River
Valley. The Shang Dynasty is known as the the civilization that starts the recorded
history China. The Bronze Age was very important for the Chinese Civilization because
using bronze was popular. People used bronze drinking vessels, ceremonies, chariots,
axes, and objects found in the tombs of the Shang kings. The Shang Dynasty used the
“oracle of bones.” The bones were used by the priest to tell the future and also was
used as a writing system for them. There were many artifacts where people of this
civilization had written on bamboo and silk, but were destroyed.
Many workers in the Shang Dynasty were very skilled with things like bones,
jade, bronze, shells, stone and wood. The people had also made irrigation and flood
control. They had farmed wheat, rice, etc. and had domestication of animals. Their
social structure had the king, military, priests, merchants, farmers, etc. The civilization’s
religion was polytheistic and had used ancestor worship.
Oracle of Bones
Balila, Joshua Mr. Tavernia Period 1 Packet B Political: Neo­Assyrian Empire The Neo­Assyrian Empire was an iron age empire that lasted from 934 BCE to 609 BCE. This empire was the first major civilization to give its soldiers iron weapons in battle, and it was also the first that mastered the art of chariot riding, giving the Assyrians a huge advantage in battle. The Neo­Assyrian Empire was also possibly the first major empires which gained land and cities by conquering them and forcing them to obey the empire’s commands. The empire ruled most of the Fertile Crescent of where most civilizations settled in that area, including most of Egypt, during its peak of power around 650 BCE. The culture of the Neo­Assyrian Empire was also fairly unique, viewing battle as a divine attribute that should be carried out in order to spread their religion across the Fertile Crescent. This, along with masterful tactics of conquer and ruling the early civilizations present in that area, cemented the Neo­Assyrian Empire as a military force known for its intense and unforgiving brutality. Although the Assyrians were a warlike people, they also provided many contributions to the world today, such as the Royal Library in the ancient capital of Nineveh. This library is where we have learned all about Mesopotamian culture as a result of Ashurbanipal of Assyria ordering his scribes to document the culture and stories of the places he conquered. Ariann Barker
Mr. Tavernia
Ap World History Period 4 Packet B
Political: Patriarchal System
The patriarchal system was integrated once the Neolithic Revolution began.
Food surplus led to an increased population, which then led to social
stratification. When it led to social stratification, women were valued much less
than men were because men were mainly hunters and women were gatherers. At
that time, societies valued the meat hunted by the men rather than the foliage
gathered by women. This ultimately led to the institution of patriarchy, one that
still resides in the modern world today. Women could not own land, nor could
they have a leadership position, in most societies. Egyptian women were some of
the few exceptions to this continuity. Hatsheput and Nefertiti were some of the
greatest female rulers and wives of rulers.
1
Eric Bazail
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History
Packet B
Political: Legalism
Conceived as a political idea during the Warring States Period in the state of Qin, Legalism
was a longstanding political theory in early China. Standing for the strict legal control over all
activities, an egalitarian system of rewards and punishment, and an absolute monarchy, Legalism
was the first legal style to advocate equal legal process for all and the first to disregard humanity
and tradition when establishing order. Legalism eventually came to rule all of China and directly
shaped the philosophy of rule still in place in modern-day China.
When Lord Shang (Zhang) became the principal ruler of the state of Qin during the
turbulent times of the Warring States Period, Shang took the leading legalist political ideas and
implemented them in order to consolidate his power within his kingdom. Shang weakened the
power of the Qin nobility, abolished the practice of dividing land among sons, and eliminated
primogeniture in determining full succession of titles. In addition, Shang expanded his own
territory and established a first codified set of laws, regulating practices in all sections of daily life,
including weights and measures, coinage, writing, and criminal and civil law.
Although Lord Shang was assassinated before all of his ideas could take hold, his work
and ideological thought continued to shape policy in Warring States China. Under the rule of
Premier Li Si and Lord Shi Huang Di, one of Shang’s descendants and the lord of Qin, Legalism
became the modus operandi by which the Qin regime unified northern and central China and
created the first legitimate Chinese Empire. By suppressing Confucian intellectuals, instilling fear,
and organizing massive labor for the armed forces and construction, Legalism created the
framework of imperial China, and indubitably changed world history.
Sydni Dichter Tavernia AP World History, Period 4 Packet B Political: Patriarchy The patriarchy is a system of social hierarchy where the men are the heads and family lineage only comes from their side of the family. The patriarchy was, and still is, responsible for much of the sexism in society, painting women as inferior to men. A common belief of the patriarchy system is that men lead and women should follow. Men go out and make money while the women stay home and cook and clean and wait on their husbands hand and foot and make babies. It was especially like this in the past. The majority of leaders in the world were and are men. It has always been common belief in the patriarchal society that men should hold the power to make decisions. The patriarchy developed along with agriculture and labor specialization. Not all societies were heinously sexist, though. In Egypt, women were involved in trade, owned real estate, and were employed. Egypt even had a woman as pharaoh, named Hatshepsut. Ben Geller
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History P.4
28 September 2016
Political: Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which adult males hold primary power and
predominance in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and
control of property(Wikipedia). As social structure developed in history, patriarchy the
rule of men over women started to develop. An example of the dominance men had
over women is the United States during the 1800s. Women were fighting for the right to
participate in certain jobs and later the thought of women not ever being able to vote
started to occur. This oppressive system continues to exist. Even in today’s world it is
sad that people categorize what a male and female job is supposed to be. On TV the
actors in shows joke around and say that things like laundry is a women’s job. A key
example is in Africa where the men are the head of the family a make all of the
decisions. Some of the decisions and advantages are the men get all of the money for
the family and can decide how to use it. The wife and the rest of the family do all of the
hard work and barely get any food. They are so busy doing chores that the head male
assigns for the government, which in return only benefits him. No matter what women
in Africa have a very low chance to bible to self-sustain themselves and their families,
often they have to choose. This thought is scary but is in existence. Also this patriarchy
is a fundamental from the start of history and political development.
Annita Huang
Mr. Tavernia
AP World/Period 4
Packet: B
Theme 3: Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system where the male holds more power than the female and has
more predominance in roles of political leadership. Patriarchy started only after the Pleistocene
era which is followed by social and technological development such as agriculture and
domestication. Patriarchy was associated with the appearances on how the males looked more
strong which meant their role should be in hunting and fighting for their family. The females
however were left to take care of the kids and help gather the plants. However, during the
Egyptian civilizations women were treated better because they were treated equally like men.
They could own property, borrow money, sign contracts, initiate divorce, or appear as a witness
in court. Although each civilizations are different for treating their women so we don’t know for
sure if women was always under the men.
Laila Inan Mr. Tavernia AP World History Packet: B Political: Patriarchy Patriarchy is a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. As groups of elites emerged and took over what would later be civilizations, they were primarily patriarchal systems. Women had little to no rights, and were treated so. Throughout ancient history, almost every ruler or important human­being would be male, with the exception of a few. Political structures also influenced social structures, so women were primitive in politics and everything government and were also looked at socially unacceptable to hold such responsibility. Patriarchal societies are those of male dominant rule, thus allowing us to infer women have no equality. Emily Irigoyen
Tavernia
AP World History/4
Packet B
Catal Huyuk: Theme 4 (Political)
Catal Huyuk was a Neolithic village located in Anatolia now known as modern
day Turkey. The ancient region of Anatolia was part of the Fertile Crescent
region where many other civilizations thrived. The Anatolia region lasted for 7500
BCE to 5700 BCE. Catal Huyuk, one of the first known ancient city was founded
at around 7000 BCE, a flourishing year for Anatolia, and included over 32 acres
of land.That size made it one of the largest Neolithic towns known today. Despite
the village’s prosperity, it had no walls or blockade surrounding it, unlike other
known ancient cities.
Sloane Knapp
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/ Period 4
Packet B
POLITICAL: Pharaohs
A pharaoh was the most important and influential figure in ancient egyptian
civilization. He was the political and religious leader of the egyptian society. Pharaohs
ruled with absolute force, and they owned anyone and everything in their civilization.
Pharaohs were seen as a human representation of Horus. When a pharaoh died, the
spirit of Horus was transferred to the eldest son of the pharaoh or in some cases
another member of the royal bloodline who would be accepted as the new pharaoh. In
the old and middle kingdoms, the deceased pharaohs were then mummified and
entombed in massive pyramids. In the new kingdom, tunnels carved deep into the rock
in the Valley of the Kings at Thebes served as tombs for Pharaohs who have passed
away. Pharaohs would make laborers build many large temples to honor the gods. Most
pharaohs were men, but on rare occasions they have been women, such as the notable
Hatsheput. Pharaohs were the main figure in egyptian history, and shaped the entire
culture of the egyptian civilization.
Trishala Kumar
29 September 2016
Mr. Tavernia
World History AP period 3
Political: Hatshepsut
Although considered queen regent to her 2 child Thumose III, who ascended the
throne at age 2, Hatshepsut gained power after he husband’s death. Soon enough, she
took the place of the pharaoh. After 22 years, her reign was ended by her son who had by
then grown up and wanted power. Hatshepsut was acknowledged as a king, not a queen,
of Egypt. In inscriptions she is often addressed with male pronouns. Also drawings and
sculptures depict her wearing the long, conical beard associated with Egyptian
rulers/pharaohs. She is well known for overseeing the expedition to Punt in search of
myrrh. Myrrh is a reddish-brown resin from the sap of trees from the genus Commiphora.
She is also known for re-establishing some trade routes broken during the Hyskos
occupation of Egypt.
Angela Lin
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History P.4
Packet B
State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict: Babylon
Babylon was a major city of Mesopotamia located between the Tigris and Euphrates. The
ruins of Babylon lie in modern-day Iraq. Babylon was founded sometime before the reign of
Sargon of Akkad who claimed to have built temples in Babylon. During the Sargon of Akkad’s
reign (2334-2279 BCE), Babylon was a relatively minor city on the Euphrates River. Most of the
history since then has been lost.
The known history of Babylon started from 1792 BCE by the rule of King Hammurabi.
Babylon was transformed into one of the most powerful and influential cities in Mesopotamia
under Hammurabi’s rule. Hammurabi’s law codes were made to maintain peace and encourage
prosperity. The walls of Babylon were also heightened and enlarged. Hammurabi also engaged
in monumental architecture such as temples, and incorporated diplomacy in his administration.
He was both successful in war and diplomacy, making Babylon the largest city in the world by
1755 BCE.
After Hammurabi’s death, Babylon became smaller and vulnerable, and was besieged by
multiple groups such as the Hittites, Kassites, and Assyrians. After the Assyrian empire fell, the
Neo-Babylonian Empire was formed by a Chaldean named Nabopolassar who took the throne.
His son, Nebuchadnezzar II renovated and expanded the city, often bragging about the beautiful
architecture of Mesopotamia. Babylon often turns up in the writings of ancient authors such as
Herodotus.
In 539 BCE, Babylon fell to the Persians in a surprise attack under Cyrus the Great. The
Persians allowed Babylon’s arts and education flourished. Under Alexander the Great’s rule in
331 BCE, destructed Babylon’s ziggurat to rebuild it, but was never finished before his death.
After his death, Alexander’s successors fought over the empire until it became so dangerous that
the city became barren and ruined.
Olivia Lloyd
Mr. Tavernia
AP World/Period 4
Packet B
Theme Three: Nefertiti
Queen Nefertiti was the wife of King Akhenaten, pharaoh of Egypt during the early 1300s BCE.
Queen Nefertiti and her husband are known for attempting to establish a monotheistic religion in
which they worshipped the sun god Aten. In fact, Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten
to honor Aten. Nefertiti was known throughout the kingdom for her
beauty, and a bust that was unearthed in Amarna in 1912 demonstrates
that. Artwork depicts the royal couple publicly displaying affection,
leading to the conclusion their marriage was romantically founded, unlike
many royal Egyptian marriages during the time period. It was possibly
through her romantic connection to Akhenaten that Nefertiti gained power
that women did not frequently possess, even if they were the wives of
pharaohs. In artwork, she is often depicted to be the same size as the
pharaoh, indicating their roughly similar amounts of power. There are conflicting theories on
where she came from. Some think she was from Syria, though she had an Egyptian name, while
others think she was the daughter of an official named Ay who would become pharaoh after the
death of King Tutankhamen. Mysteriously, Nefertiti disappeared from the record around the
same time Akhenaten took on a co-regent. Some believe Nefertiti died of a sudden sickness
while others believe she was the co-regent of her husband and ruled with a man’s disguise, as
female pharaoh Hatshepsut had done. One of Akhenaten and Nefertiti’s six daughters married
Tutankhamun, who Akhenaten fathered with his sister.
Thea McKenna Mr. Tavernia AP World P4 Packet B Political: Hittites During the time of the “Middle Assyrian” kingdom, many campaigns of conquest and expansion of economic interests resulted in the emergence of dynamic states like the Elam in southwest Iran and Mitanni in between the upper Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Among these are the Hittites, the most formidable power in Anatolia from between 1700 to 1200 BCE. Their capital was at Hattusha, near present­day Ankara in central Turkey. They were most known for the first creation of horse­drawn war chariots and their exploitation of Anatolia’s rich metal deposits. The Hittites also first developed a technique for making tools and weapons made of iron. They would heat the ore until it was soft enough to shape, pound it to remove impurities, and then plunge it into cold water to harden it. They kept this knowledge a secret because it provided military and economic advantages. After 1200 BCE, and after the reign of the Hittites collapsed, blacksmiths may have migrated and spread this knowledge. The Hittites adopted cuneiform system to write their own language, but after reaching its peak with King Suppiluliuma I (1344­1322 BCE) and his son Mursilli I (1321­1295 BCE), the civilization declined and eventually fell to the Assyrians. Hijaan Mitha
Mr. Tavernia (P. 4)
Period One
Packet B
The Hittite Empire dwelled in
Anatolia, the region of modern-day
Turkey before 1700 BCE. In an
attempt to expand their empire, the
Hittites constantly triggered Egypt
through numerous threats. A
significant text in which they are
mentioned is the Christian Old
Testament. It said that Hittites are the
adversaries of the Israelites and their
God. As per Genesis 10, they were
descendants of Heth, grandson of
Ham, born of Noah. For this reason,
their name comes from the Bible plus
the Amarna Letters of Egypt, which
discuss the Kingdom of Kheta,
otherwise known today as the
Kingdom of Hatti. However,
documents of that time period,
including those of the Hitties,
refer to themselves as Nesili.
Other than their own ancient
texts, little was known about this
Turkish Empire. So,
archaeologists began excavating
at Boghskoy, the capital of the
Hittite Empire which they
referred to as Hattusa.
Christopher Scarre, a historian,
describes the city as “a vast
fortress-coty sprawling over the
rocky terrain, with craggy
citadels and elaborate temples.”
The empire was so powerful as a
point that it conquered lands as
far South as Syria and the Levant.
Hammurabi
Hammurabi was a prominent leader for the Babylonian Empire. He is best
known for his creation of the Code of Hammurabi. This code is the first written law
where both crimes and punishments were laid out to help judges decide the fate of
criminals. Some examples of the punishments are if a builder builds a house and it falls
and kills a man, then the builder will be killed. It very much outlined the concept of a
fair punishment for the crime, despite the fact that many of the crime’s punishments
were extremely severe by today’s standards.
Hammurabi was the sixth king in the Babylonian Dynasty and ruled from 17921750 BCE. During this time he brought most of Mesopotamia under the control of the
Babylonian Empire, as well as invested in monumental buildings, especially irrigation
systems. Hammurabi was descended from the Amorites and the parts of his name
reflect the culture of both the Amorites and the Akkadians.
In the 30th year of his reign as king he began to expand his empire throughout
all of Mesopotamia, up and down the Euphrates River. He conquered the ​Larsa,
Eshnunna, Assyrians and Mari until all of Mesopotamia under his sway. He also spent
time building monumental structures such as irrigation systems, as well as
fortifications and temples that celebrated the city’s patron, Marduk.
Hammurabi will be best remembered by the creation of the law which doled out
specific punishments for specific crimes based on the saying “an eye for an eye, a tooth
for a tooth.” He will also be remembered by the fact that he united Mesopotamia under
one rule until he died, and they empire he worked his whole life to create fell into
shambles under the rule of his son.
Samantha Ross
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History P.4
Packet: B
Political: Patriarchy
A patriarchal society is a form of social organization in which there is unequal
power between men and women.​ ​The male is considered to be the family head and title
is traced through the male line. In the past, it was the men that took on the more
important roles. Men were the hunters, and the women stayed home to watch the
children. Many people feel that we still live in this type of society. It is said that the men
are responsible for the laws, planning of the wars, and political issues, while the women
are meant to support the men, bear children, and clean the house. However, women
were viewed very differently in various cultures. In Mesopotamian civilization, the
women were not granted many of the rights that the men were. However, in Egyptian
civilization, women were given more credit and were also given the position of queen.
Nefertiti, Queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton, was extremely influential to the
religions of this country.
Kaitlyn Seese Mr. Tavernia AP World History P.4 Packet: B Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty, which took place in ancient China from 1766­1045 BCE, followed the Xia Dynasty. The Xia Dynasty is considered practically fictional as historians do not have much evidence from that time period. Therefore, the Shang Dynasty is considered the start of Chinese history. Historians are not sure as to how the Shang rose to power because only written documents from the end of Shang rule were found. These documents, known as the oracle bones, which were the shoulder bones of cattle and the bottom shells of turtles, were used to obtain information from ancestral spirits and gods. The information contained in these oracle bones mainly concerned the king, his court, the weather, agriculture, war, and religious practices. The Shang writing system that was used to inscribe the oracle bones contained hundreds of characters that were pictures of objects that became increasingly simple as time passed. This writing system is said to be the ancestor of the systems used in China today and in other areas of East Asia. Additionally, the Shang religion involved the worship of the supreme god Di, who lived in the sky and unleashed the power of storms. However, Di was considered to be distant and unrelated to the fate of humans. In the religion, when humans pass away, their spirits survive in the same place as Di and other nature deities. These spirits were organized in a hierarchy that mirrors the social hierarchy on Earth and were said to intervene with human affairs. Sydney Stewart
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History Period 4
Packet B
Political: Pharaoh
Pharaoh is the common term for Egyptian rulers from the first dynasty (3150 B.C.E.) to the
Macedonian conquest circa 305 B.C.E. However the actual term wasn’t used until 1200 B.C.E.
in reference to a ruler.
Scepters and staves were a general sign of authority in ancient Egypt. One of the earliest royal
scepters was discovered in the tomb of Khasekhemwy in Abydos. Kings were also known to
carry a staff, and Pharaoh Anedjib is shown on stone vessels carrying a so-called mks-staff. The
scepter with the longest history seems to be the heqa-scepter, sometimes described as the
shepherd's crook. Another scepter associated with the king is the was-scepter. This is a long staff
mounted with an animal head. The earliest known depictions of the was-scepter date to the first
dynasty. The was-scepter is shown in the hands of both kings and deities.
The flail later was closely related to the heqa-scepter (the crook and flail), but in early
representations the king was also depicted solely with the flail, as shown in a late predynastic
knife handle which is now in the Metropolitan museum, and on the Narmer Macehead. The
pharaoh was the religious leader of Egypt. Ancient Egyptians thought that he was the god Osiris
in human form, on earth to keep ma’at is order, which was the concept of truth, order, balance
and justice.
Shayaan Subzwari
Mr. Tavernia
AP World History/Period 4
Packet B
Political: Ramesses II
Ramesses II was the third pharaoh of Egypt during the Nineteenth Dynasty. He is known as one
of the greatest pharaohs of the Egyptian Empire. He lead Egypt into an expansionary phase,
including the dominance of Egypt in Canaan in the Levant. He also expanded Egypt southwards,
conquering parts of Nubia. He ruled Egypt from 1279 BCE to 1213 BCE, making a rule of 66
years and 2 months. He most likely died at the age of 90 or 91 and was buried in the Valley of
the Kings. He made the city Pi-Ramesses as the new capital of Egypt, so that it would be closer
in proximity to Syria, where he was campaigning. During the start of his reign, Ramesses battled
the Sherden sea pirates, whose origins are unknown, but were most likely from Anatolia or
Europe. He had a total of at least 4 campaigns into Syria, with an army of close to 100,000 men.
After asserting Egypt’s dominance in Canaan, Ramesses eventually reached a peace treaty with
the Hittites, ending Ramesses
campaigns in the Levant, but
leaving Egypt with a large
sphere of influence. Ramesses
also lead campaigns into
Nubia and Libya, where he
built many monuments and
buildings.
Noah Teixeira Mr.Tavernia AP World History Period 4 Packet B Political: Code of Hammurabi Hammurabi’s Code was the first organized law code discovered by man. Hammurabi was a Babylonian ruler who launched a series of aggressive military campaigns during his rule. Hammurabi created a law code inscribed on a black pillar and placed the pillar in the center of every town to inform the people of the law. Hammurabi’s Code contained a lengthy set of examples relating to decisions and the consequences for those decisions. An example of a law from Hammurabi’s code is an “eye for an eye”. Many of these offenses were met with gruesome physical punishments, and frequently the death penalty. The code of Hammurabi relates the political theme of AP World History because it is a set of laws from Babylon.