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Pacing Guide: Grade 11, Quarter 3 Fiction (2 selections) “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” “The Story of an Hour” Nonfiction (8 selections) from “Nature” “Of Man and the Stream of Time” “Touching the Earth” from My Bondage and Freedom “An Account of an Experience with Discrimination” from The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid “The Night the Ghost Got In” from Dust Tracks on a Road Poetry (18 poems) “A Blessing” “The Honey Tree” “Flying at Night” “The Peace of Wild Things” “The Gift Outright” “Go Down, Moses” and “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” (spirituals) “Lucinda Matlock” and “Richard Bone” “Douglass” “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” “I, Too,” “Dream Variations,” “Refugee in America” “We Wear the Mask” McKay, Bontemps, and Cullen : “The Tropics in New York,” “A Black Man Talks of Reaping,” “From the Dark Tower” Novel/Nonfiction Study Teacher choice of genre (Pacing guide provides a suggested list of novels, drama, and nonfiction selections that are taken from Appendix B of the Common Core State Standards document.) Writing Portfolio: Informational/Explanatory Text* *This portfolio writing assignment in the curriculum resources is a continuation of the former capstone writing assignment for grade 11 from quarter two. You may still use this valid assignment, or replace it with an informational/explanatory portfolio writing piece of your choice. COLUMBUS CITY SCHOOLS ENGLISH GRADE 11 PACING GUIDE Unit/Topics 1. Reading for Information; Writing; Speaking and Listening; Language This informational/explanatory writing assignment is the portfolio writing assignment for quarter 3. It is also part two of the senior capstone assignment. Prewriting Whole class discussion Socratic Seminar Analysis of primary source documents Research Small group discussion Evaluating sources Narrowing topics Note-taking Summarizing Citing sources Creating an outline Creating and evaluating claim statements Supporting details Peer review Revision Editing GRADING PERIOD 3 Common Core Periods Textbook/Supplemental Materials State Standards Weeks 12 Periods: 8 RI.11-12.1 RI.11-12.2 RI.11-12.5 RI.11-12.6 RI.11-12.7 RI.11-12.8 W.11-12.1 W.11-12.2 W.11-12.4 W.11-12.5 W.11-12.6 W.11-12.7 W.11-12.8 W.11-12.9 SL.11-12.1 SL.11-12.4 SL.11-12.5 SL.11-12.6 L.11-12.1 L.11-12.2 L.11-12.3 Assessments/Assignments Textbook (hard copy or eBook) Literature: The American Experience “The Story Behind the Documents” p. 1394 “Urban Renewal” pp. 1395-1396 “Playing for the Fighting Sixty-Ninth” pp. 13971399 Reading “The Story Behind the Documents” (nonfiction) “Urban Renewal” (nonfiction) “Playing for the Fighting SixtyNinth” (nonfiction) Writing and Grammar Chapter 13, section 13.2 – “Narrowing Your Topic,” “Considering Your Audience and Purpose,” “Gathering Details” Chapter 12, section 12.3 – “Providing Elaboration” Chapter 13, section 13.3 – “Shaping Your Writing,” “Drafting: Develop an Organizational Plan,” “Writing a Formal Outline,” “Providing Elaboration,” “Prepare to Credit Your Sources” Chapter 13, section 13.4 – “Peer Review,” “Revising” Chapter 13, section 13.6 – “Rubric for SelfAssessment” Chapter 13, section 13.7 – sample research paper Writing Prewriting: quick write on defining global issues Prewriting: defining global issues activity Responding to critical thinking questions regarding global issues Student-written formal summary of source information Student-written outline Student-written draft Students use the Rubric for SelfAssessment Curriculum Guide Website A complete lesson plan is located on the curriculum guide website in the writing folder. Speaking and Listening Whole group discussion defining global issues Socratic seminar discussing global issues Peer revision Five minute multimedia presentation that relates to the student’s research Multimedia presentation The Essential Question: How does literature shape or reflect society? 2. Reading Literature; Reading for Information; Writing; Speaking and Listening; Language Close reading Critical viewing Paraphrasing Transcendentalism Comparing/contrastin g Irony Paradox Author’s attitude Syntax Personification Metaphor Denotation and connotation Etymology Diction Antithesis Main idea Socratic seminar Weeks 24 Periods: 8 RL.11-12.1 RL.11-12.2 RL.11-12.4 RL.11-12.6 RL.11-12.9 RL.11-12.10 RI.11-12.1 RI.11-12.2 RI.11-12.3 RI.11-12.4 RI.11-12.5 RI.11-12.6 RI.11-12.7 RI.11-12.10 W.11-12.1 W.11-12.2 W.11-12.9 W.11-12.10 SL.11-12.1 SL.11-12.2 SL.11-12.3 SL.11-12.4 SL.11-12.5 SL.11-12.6 L.11-12.1 L.11-12.2 L.11-12.3 L.11-12.4 L.11-12.5 L.11-12.6 Textbook (hard copy or eBook) Literature: The American Experience Transcendentalism: The Seekers pp. 360-361 Contemporary Commentary pp. 362-363 Online Resources Clip from Ken Burns’ Documentary: The National Parks: America’s Best Idea http://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/watchvideo/#762 Transcendentalism Ideas: Definitions http://transcendentalism-legacy.tamu.edu/ideas/traldef.html The Starry Night (painting) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Van_Gogh__Starry_Night_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Hudson River School http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/hurs/he_hurs.htm The American Art Gallery’s web collection of Hudson River School paintings http://americanartgallery.org/exhibit/details/view/l ist/id/8 Socratic Seminar http://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/bringsocratic-seminars-to-the-classroom “American Transcendentalism: A Brief Introduction” from Perspectives in American Literature from California State University Stanislaus http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap4/ 4intro,html American Transcendentalism, Washington State University http://public.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/amtrans. e du Ann Woodlief’s Transcendentalism Web at Virginia Commonwealth University http://transcendentalism-legacy.tamu.edu/ Van Gogh Museum’s web collection of letters http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let691/letter.ht ml Yale: New Haven’s Teacher’s College Unit on Reading “A Blessing” (poem) “The Honey Tree” (poem) “Flying at Night” (poem) from “Nature” (nonfiction) “Of Man and the Stream of Time” (nonfiction) “Touching the Earth” (nonfiction) “The Peace of Wild Things” (poem) “The Gift Outright” (poem) “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” (poem) The Starry Night (painting) In the Woods (painting) The Titan’s Goblet (painting) View from Mount Holyoke, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm—The Oxbow (painting) Writing Journal: What is our relationship with nature? How does the natural world affect us physically, emotionally, economically, and spiritually? Students reflect in writing on the content of a claim by a writer or philosopher about the environment by providing a personal example, a reaction, or a critique. Speaking and Listening Small group discussion Whole class discussion Socratic seminar Language Vocabulary Central the Wilderness Concept by Nancy Cowdin http://www.yale.edu.edu/ynhi/curriculum/units/19 90/3/90.03.01.x.html Curriculum Guide Website A complete lesson plan is located on the curriculum guide website in the Reading/English folder. The Essential Question: How does literature shape or reflect society? 3. Reading Literature; Reading for Information; Writing; Speaking and Listening; Language Cause and effect to clarify word meaning Narrative nonfiction Firsthand/secondhan d accounts Close reading Repetition of ideas and diction used to reach intended audience Distinguish between valid and invalid inferences Analyze the content from several sources Compare and contrast motivations of speakers confronting similar conflicts Allusions Week 4 Periods: 3 RL.11-12.1 RL.11-12.2 RL.11-12.4 RL.11-12.6 RL.11-12.7 RL.11-12.9 RL.11-12.10 RI.11-12.1 RI.11-12.2 RI.11-12.3 RI.11-12.6 RI.11-12.10 W.11-12.2 W.11-12.4 W.11-12.9 W.11-12.10 SL.11-12.1 SL.11-12.2 SL.11-12.4 SL.11-12.5 SL.11-12.6 L.11-12.1 L.11-12.2 L.11-12.3 L.11-12.4 L.11-12.5 L.11-12.6 Textbook (hard copy or eBook) Literature: The American Experience Focus On Literary Forms: Narrative Nonfiction pp. 516-517 Before You Read pp. 518-519 from My Bondage and Freedom (1110L) pp. 520527 After You Read p.528 Integrated Language Skills p. 529 Before You Read p. 530 “Go Down, Moses” and “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” pp. 520-527 After You Read p.535 Before You Read pp. 552-553 “An Account of an Experience with Discrimination” pp. 554-556 After You Read p.557 “Douglass” pp. 636-637 Unit 3 Resources: from My Bondage and Freedom pp. 47-62 “Go Down, Moses” and “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” pp. 65-80 “An Account of an Experience with Discrimination” pp. 112-127 Technology Interactive Digital Path Before You Read [Get Connected Video (:52/ :49/ :52), The Essential Question, Literary Analysis, Reading Strategies, Vocabulary Central, Meet the Author, Cultural Information Background Video (:58/ 1:10), Background] While You Read (Warm-ups, Reading Selections, Critical Reading) After You Read (Skill Question, Writing) Vocabulary Music Games Worksheets Reading from My Bondage and Freedom (nonfiction) “Douglass” (poem) “Go Down, Moses” and “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” (spirituals) “An Account of an Experience with Discrimination” (nonfiction) Writing Journal: Describe one leader you respect and explain why. Analyze how Douglass’s description of Mrs. Auld reflects his attitude toward human nature. Explain what personal qualities helped Douglass become an effective champion of human rights. Describe the reasons Douglass chose two of the events. Describe the qualities of the places in the songs and evaluate how they compare to the actual places inhabited by the slaves. Identify one biblical allusion from a spiritual and explain how it functions as an allegory. Analyze what Truth’s account suggests about the individual’s responsibility to act with courage to promote positive social change. Essay Scorer Prompt: Essay about Causes and Effects in Essay Scorer Prompt: Essay about Causes and Effects in History History Speaking and Listening Whole group discussion Small group discussion Small group presentation Language Vocabulary Central Vocabulary Music Games Worksheets Assessments Formative and/or summative assessments should be incorporated weekly into each lesson. Critical Viewing p.520 (painting) Selection tests Oral presentation Intervention/Enrichment Identify the writer’s purpose. Identify the historical influences in Douglass’s narrative. Identify the subject and verb in long sentences. Record examples of rhythm and rhyme from the spirituals and the moods these sound devices create. Research the rebellion led by Nat Turner. Create a visual that captures the power of knowledge and the relationship between the Aulds and Douglass. Rewrite Truth’s account as a newspaper article. The Essential Question: What makes American literature American? 4. Reading Literature; Reading for Information; Writing; Speaking and Listening; Language Connotation and denotation Comparing and contrasting literary works from different time periods Close reading Recognizing the characteristics of subgenres Social and cultural context of setting Dialect Incongruity Hyperbole Irony Informal writing Week 5 Periods: 4 RL.11-12.1 RL.11-12.3 RL.11-12.4 RL.11-12.5 RL.11-12.6 RL.11-12.10 RI.11-12.1 RI.11-12.3 RI.11-12.5 RI.11-12.6 RI.11-12.10 W.11-12.2 W.11-12.4 W.11-12.9 W.11-12.10 SL.11-12.1 L.11-12.1 L.11-12.2 L.11-12.3 L.11-12.4 L.11-12.5 Textbook (hard copy or eBook) Literature: The American Experience Literary History: Mark Twain pp.564-565 Author in Depth pp. 566-568 Before You Read p. 569 from “How to Tell a Story” p. 575 “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” (1190L) pp. 576-581 After You Read p. 582 Integrated Language Skills p.583 Illustrated Literary History p.586 Comparing Literary Works pp. 587-588 from The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid pp. 589-592 After You Read p. 593 Before You Read pp. 858-859 “The Night the Ghost Got In” (740L) pp. 860-864 After You Read p. 865 Unit 3 Resources: “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” pp. 130-147 from The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid pp. 150-153 Unit 4 Resources: “The Night the Ghost Got In” pp. 221-238 Technology Interactive Digital Path Before You Read [Get Connected Video (:55/ :49), The Essential Question, Pop Culture Connection, Literary Analysis, Reading Strategies, Comparing Literary Works, Vocabulary Central, Meet the Author, Background Video (:30)] While You Read (Warm-ups, Reading Selections, Critical Reading) After You Read (Skill Questions, Writing, Grammar Lesson, Grammar Practice, Questions on Comparing, Writing to Compare) Reading “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” (fiction) from The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid (nonfiction) “The Night the Ghost Got In” (nonfiction) Writing Chart a list of exaggerations from the Twain selection and evaluate which are the most extreme examples. Journal: How does the use of dialect add to the humor of the selection? What image of America does Twain’s humorous story paint? Students analyze place, characters, and events to describe his depiction. Journal: Would you move a great distance from family and friends for a career opportunity? Journal: If you were to start a “school of humor,” who would be on the faculty? Compare and contrast the humorous techniques Twain and Bryson use to make readers laugh. Journal: What kinds of food do you like, dislike, or never try? Journal: Has humor changed since Thurber wrote his account in 1915? Speaking and Listening Whole group discussion about the difference between telling jokes and humorous stories Partner discussion Language Vocabulary Central Vocabulary Music Games Worksheets Assessments Critical thinking questions Connecting to the essential question Critical viewing of caricature p. 577 Selection tests Open-book test Intervention/Enrichment To interpret regional dialect, students should read unfamiliar words aloud. Rephrase regional dialect into Standard English. Students identify unfamiliar foods. Students create a pie chart or other graphic representation to show how far forty dollars, at the middle of the nineteenth century, would go for food, clothing, and housing expenses. Rewrite a portion of Bryson’s memoir as if it were being told by Twain’s Simon Wheeler. The Essential Question: How does literature shape or reflect society? 5. Reading Literature; Writing; Speaking and Listening; Language Using a dictionary and thesaurus Predictions Inferences Philosophical assumptions and beliefs about a subject Narrative poems Week 6 Periods: 3 RL.11-12.1 RL.11-12.2 RL.11-12.3 RL.11-12.4 RL.11-12.5 RL.11-12.6 W.11-12.4 W.11-12.9 W.11-12.10 SL.11-12.1 SL.11-12.4 SL.11-12.6 Textbook (hard copy or eBook) Literature: The American Experience Before You Read pp. 626-627 “The Story of an Hour” pp. 628-632 “Challenging Women’s Roles” p.631 After You Read p. 633 Before You Read pp. 640; 645 “Lucinda Matlock” and “Richard Bone” pp. 646- 647 After You Read p. 648 Unit 3 Resources pp. 178-195 Reading “The Story of an Hour” (fiction) “Lucinda Matlock” and “Richard Bone” (poems) Writing Chart examples of verbal, situational, and dramatic irony and evaluate their effectiveness. Analyze examples from “The Story of an Hour” which support Dramatic monologue Point of view The effect of voice on credibility Personification Symbolism Imagery Figurative language Tone Genre as it relates to theme or topic Informal writing Irony Characterization L.11-12.1 L.11-12.2 L.11-12.3 L.11-12.4 L.11-12.5 Technology Interactive Digital Path Before You Read [Get Connected Video (:54/ :54), The Essential Question, Vocabulary Central, Meet the Author, Background] While You Read (Warm-ups, Reading Selections, Critical Reading) After You Read (Skill Questions, Writing) the philosophical argument that society denies women their full humanity. Explain how irony in the short story creates humor and if this detracts from the seriousness of the theme. Compare characters’ outward images with their internal realities. Journal: Do you like surprise endings? Analyze why Chopin does not elaborate about Mrs. Mallard’s death. Journal: Could the dramatic monologues from Spoon River Anthology provide the basis for an interesting television series? Compare the speakers in the narrative poems and what they unintentionally reveal about themselves. Describe the image of smalltown America that the poems project. Speaking and Listening Whole group discussion Partner discussion Small group performance of poems Language Vocabulary Central Vocabulary Music Games Worksheets Assessments Critical thinking questions Connecting to the essential question Selection tests Open-book test Intervention/Enrichment Define verbal, situational, and dramatic irony prior to reading. During reading of the short story, students identify details and their related issues. Identify the plot, character, and setting in the narrative poems. Research the use of pseudonyms among women writers of the time period. Students investigate telegrams and changes in communication from 1890’s to today. Students analyze how even though both poems are written in the first person, the voices of the speakers are distinct. The Essential Question: What makes American literature American? 6. Reading Literature; Writing; Speaking and Listening; Language Analogous word relationships Close reading Analyze the content from several sources on a single issue Historical and cultural context of setting Universal themes Genre Speaker Imagery Figurative language Sounds of language Rhyme Meter Allusion Weeks 67 Periods: 4 RL.11-12.1 RL.11-12.2 RL.11-12.3 RL.11-12.4 W.11-12.4 W.11-12.7 W.11-12.9 W.11-12.10 SL.11-12.1 SL.11-12.4 SL.11-12.6 L.11-12.1 L.11-12.2 L.11-12.3 L.11-12.4 L.11-12.5 Textbook (hard copy or eBook) Literature: The American Experience The Harlem Renaissance p. 895; Literary History pp. 896-897 Author in Depth: Langston Hughes pp. 898-900 “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” “I, Too,” “Dream Variations,” “ “Refugee in America” pp. 901-908 Integrated Language Skills pp. 909-911 Harlem Renaissance Poets pp. 920-921 Before You Read p. 922 “The Tropics in New York,” “A Black Man Talks of Reaping,” “From the Dark Tower” pp. 923-926 After You Read p. 927 Unit 4 Resources Langston Hughes’ Poetry pp. 281-300 McKay, Bontemps, and Cullen Poetry pp. 306321 Technology Interactive Digital Path Literary History (The Harlem Renaissance) Before You Read [Get Connected Video (:44/ :56), The Essential Question, Vocabulary Central, Reading “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” “I, Too,” “Dream Variations,” “Refugee in America” (poetry) “The Tropics in New York,” “A Black Man Talks of Reaping,” “From the Dark Tower” (poetry) Writing Journal: What kinds of experiences would you expect Harlem Renaissance writers and artists to document? As students read the poems, they record examples of social or historical perspective, archetypal perspective, and biographical perspective. Journal: What places do you associate with your ancestry? Why? Write a literary interpretation of the poems analyzing how diction, images, and figurative Literary Analysis, Reading Strategy, Meet the Authors, Background] While You Read (Warm-ups, Reading Selection, Critical Reading) After You Read (Skill Questions, Writing, Grammar Lesson, Grammar Practice) language reveal themes about racial identity, pride, and perseverance. Speaking and Listening Whole group discussion Students work in groups to conduct internet searches of key lines from Hughes’s poems to see whether they appear as titles or ideas in later works. Students deliver an interpretation or critical assessment of a literary work in forms involving video, audio, performance, illustration, or other expressive media. (p. 910) Language Vocabulary Central Vocabulary Music Games Worksheets Assessments Critical viewing painting p. 904 Self-tests Selection tests Open-book test Intervention/Enrichment Create a word web with the word speaker in the center and characteristics that they have inferred about the speaker on the ray lines. Interpret figurative language prior to comprehension questions. Students research the influence of Jazz music at pbs.org. Students research AfricanAmerican artists whose artistic accomplishments are helping to The Essential Question: How does literature shape or reflect society? 7. Reading Literature; Reading for Information; Writing; Speaking and Listening; Language Recalling and summarizing details Close reading Analyze the content from several sources on a single issue Author’s beliefs Historical context of setting Dialogue Indirect characterization Tone Theme Write informational reports Genre/subgenre Weeks 78 Periods: 3 RL.11-12.1 RL.11-12.4 RL.11-12.6 RL.11-12.10 RI.11-12.1 RI.11-12.2 RI.11-12.4 RI.11-12.5 RI.11-12.10 W.11-12.2 W.11-12.4 W.11-12.7 W.11-12.9 W.11-12.10 SL.11-12.1 L.11-12.1 L.11-12.2 L.11-12.3 L.11-12.4 L.11-12.5 L.11-12.6 Textbook (hard copy or eBook) Literature: The American Experience “We Wear the Mask” p. 638 Before You Read pp. 928-929 from Dust Tracks on a Road (920L) pp. 930-936 After You Read p. 937 Unit 4 Resources pp. 324-341 Technology Interactive Digital Path Before You Read [Get Connected Video (:50), The Essential Question, Vocabulary Central, Literary Analysis, Reading Strategy, Meet the Authors, Background] While You Read (Warm-ups, Reading Selection, Critical Reading) After You Read (Skill Questions, Writing) shape contemporary culture. Investigate how researchers are seeking out and preserving oral literature. Reading “We Wear the Mask” (poem) from Dust Tracks on a Road (nonfiction) Writing Journal: How do you feel when you must appear or behave as others expect? Analyze the effect of an author’s purpose on meaning. Journal: Describe a time in your childhood when someone made you feel special. Explain what this episode from Hurston’s childhood suggests about the qualities that helped people in her era succeed despite social barriers, such as those of gender or race. Speaking and Listening Whole group discussion Language Vocabulary Central Vocabulary Music Games Worksheets Assessments Critical viewing Self-tests Selection tests Open-book test Intervention/Enrichment Interpret words or phrases and explain how they relate to the poem. 8. Reading Literature; Reading for Information; Writing; Speaking and Listening; Language Teach the Common Core State Standards as needed to prepare students for the AIR assessments in Reading and Writing, and to prepare students to be college and career ready. Weeks 89 Periods: 9 Teach the Common Core State Standards as needed to prepare students for the AIR assessments in Reading and Writing, and to prepare students to be college and career ready. Discuss social context--attitudes, customs, and beliefs--prior to reading. Organize small reading groups having them read the excerpt aloud, stopping the reading every few paragraphs to ask comprehension questions. Students analyze how the expression of personal emotion might lead to social change. Students conduct library and internet research to find examples of both positive and negative reactions to the works of Dunbar and Hurston. Novel/Nonfiction/Drama Suggestions:* Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice Brontë, Charlotte, Jane Eyre Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby Faulkner, William. As I Lay Dying Garcia, Cristina. Dreaming in Cuban Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun Hurston, Zora Hurston. Their Eyes Were Watching God Jefferson, Thomas. The Declaration of Independence Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake Mencken, H.L. The American Language, 4th Edition Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman Paine, Thomas. Common Sense Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet Thoreau, Henry David. Walden Wilde, Oscar. The Importance of Being Earnest Wright, Richard. Black Boy *The above is not meant to be a required reading list. Use your professional judgment of the text and your students to make your selection. In keeping with the guidelines established by the Common Core State Standards in ELA, your choice should be similar in complexity and quality to the titles on the list above. Reading The reading assignment will be either fiction or nonfiction depending upon teacher choice. Writing Journal writing Creative prose and poetry responses Critical analysis In-class essays Essay Scorer: Review of a Novel Speaking and Listening Whole group discussion Partner discussion Pair work Language Integrated vocabulary activities Integrated grammar and usage activities Assessments Selection tests Portfolio projects Multimedia presentations Intervention/Enrichment Teacher-modeled reading strategies Students write a different ending for the story. Students write a one act play based on characters, conflicts and themes from the book. * This pacing guide is based on 50 minute periods and should be adjusted to fit alternative schedules. **Common Core State Standards: RL = Reading Literature; RI = Reading Information; W = Writing; SL = Speaking and Listening; L = Language Common Core State Standards Reading Literature Key Ideas and Details 1.Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain. 2. Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text. 3. Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama (e.g., where a story is set, how the action is ordered, how the characters are introduced and developed). Craft and Structure 4. Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings or language that is particularly fresh, engaging, or beautiful. (Include Shakespeare as well as other authors.) 5. Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure specific arts of a text (e.g., the choice of where to begin or end a story, the choice to provide a comedic or tragic resolution) contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact. 6. Analyze a case in which grasping point of view requires distinguishing what is directly stated in a text from what is really meant (e.g., satire, sarcasm, irony, or understatement). Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 7. Analyze multiple interpretations of a story, drama, or poem (e.g., recorded or live production of a play or recorded novel or poetry), evaluating how each version interprets the source text. (Include at least one play by Shakespeare and one play by an American dramatist.) 8. (Not applicable to literature) 9. Demonstrate knowledge of eighteenth-, nineteenth-, and early-twentieth-century foundational works of American literature, including how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics. Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity 10. By the end of grade 11, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 11—CCR text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of the grades 11— CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. Reading Informational Text Key Ideas and Details 1. Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain. 2. Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text. 3. Analyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events and explain how specific individuals, ideas, or events interact and develop over the course of the text. Craft and Structure 4. Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text (e.g., how Madison defines faction in Federalist No. 10). 5. Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument, including whether the structure makes points clear, convincing, and engaging. 6. Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the power, persuasiveness, or beauty of the text. Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 7. Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words in order to address a question or solve a problem. 8. Delineate and evaluate the reasoning in seminal U.S. texts, including the application of constitutional principles and use of legal reasoning (e.g., in U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and dissents) and the premises, purposes, and arguments in works of public advocacy (e.g., The Federalist, presidential addresses). 9. Analyze seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth-century foundational U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (including The Declaration of Independence, the Preamble to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address) for their themes, purposes, and rhetorical features. Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity 10. By the end of grade 11, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 11—CCR text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 11—CCR text complexity band independently and proficiently. Writing Text Types and Purposes 1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. a. Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), establish the significance of the claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that logically sequences claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. b. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level, concerns, values, and possible biases. c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims. d. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. 2. Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content. a. Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension. b. Develop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience’s knowledge of the topic. c. Use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts. d. Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic. e. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic). 3. Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and wellstructured event sequences. a. Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, and its significance, establishing one or more multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events. b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters. c. Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole and build toward a particular tone and outcome (e.g., a sense of mystery, suspense, growth, or resolution). d. Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters. e. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative. Production and Distribution of Writing 4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above.) 5. Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1–3 up to and including grades 11-12.) 6. Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information. Research to Build and Present Knowledge 7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. 8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation. 9. Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. a. Apply grades 11-12 Reading standards to literature (e.g., ―Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work (e.g., ―Demonstrate knowledge of eighteenth-, nineteenth-, and early-twentieth-century foundational works of American literature, including how two or more texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics”). b. Apply grades 11-12 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., ―Delineate and evaluate the reasoning in seminal U.S. texts, including the application of constitutional principles and use of legal reasoning [e.g., in U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and dissents] and the premises, purposes, and arguments in works of public advocacy [e.g., The Federalist, presidential addresses]. Range of Writing 10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences. Speaking and Listening Comprehension and Collaboration 1. Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 11-12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. a. Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas. b. Work with peers to set rules for collegial discussions and decision-making, set clear goals and deadlines, and establish individual roles as needed. c. Propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that probe reasoning and evidence; ensure a hearing for a full range of positions on a topic or issue; clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions; and promote divergent and creative perspectives. d. Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives; synthesize comments, claims, and evidence made on all sides of an issue; resolve contradictions when possible; and determine what additional information on research is required to deepen the investigation or complete the task. 2. Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) in order to make informed decisions and solve problems, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source and noting any discrepancies among the data. 3. Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, assessing the stance, premises, links among ideas, word choice, points of emphasis, and tone used. Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas 4. Present information, findings, and supporting evidence, conveying a clear and distinct perspective, such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning, alternative or opposing perspectives are addressed, and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and a range of formal and informal tasks. 5. Make strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest. 6. Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. (See grades 11-12 Language standards for specific expectations.) Language Conventions of Standard English 1. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a. Apply the understanding that usage is a matter of convention, can change over time, and is sometimes contested. b. Resolve issues of complex or contested usage, consulting references (e.g., Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage, Garner’s Modern American Usage) as needed. 2. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. a. Observe hyphenation conventions. b. Spell correctly. Knowledge of Language 3. Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. a. Vary syntax for effect, consulting references (e.g., Tufte’s Artful Sentences) for guidance as needed; apply an understanding of syntax to the study of complex texts when reading. Vocabulary Acquisition and Use 4. Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 11-12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. b. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., conceive, conception, conceivable). c. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, its etymology, or its standard usage. d. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary). 5. Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., hyperbole, paradox) in context and analyze their role in the text. b. Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations. 6. Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.