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Reading Vocabulary 1. allusion – a reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, etc. 2. antagonist – a character or force in conflict with a main character 3. audience – the group of people who will most likely read a particular piece of literature. Examples: USA Today -general audience (all types of people) Golf Digest – people who play golf 4. autobiography – a form of nonfiction in which a person tells his or her own life story 5. bias – a preference; an opinion formed without examination of facts; prejudice 6. biography – a form of nonfiction in which a person tells the life story of another person 7. caption – a title or written description for a picture 8. character – a person or animal who takes part in the action of a literary work 9. characterization – the act of creating and developing a character direct characterization – the writer simply states the character’s traits indirect characterization – the writer depends on the reader to draw conclusions about the character’s traits 10. conclude or draw a conclusion – to make a judgment or form an opinion based on certain facts 11. conflict – the struggle between opposing forces; the problem in a story external conflict – a character struggles against some outside force man against man man against nature man against machine internal conflict – takes place within the mind of a character; usually involves a choice 12. context clue – the meaning of the word is given in the sentences around it R7 13. connote – to refer to what a word suggests in addition to its literal meaning: The word lion connotes strength and courage. 14. denote – to give the literal meaning of a word: The word lion denotes a large animal of the cat family. 15. details fantastic – strange and unusual realistic – true to life 16. dialect – the form of language spoken by people in a particular region or group 17. dialogue – a conversation between characters 18. essay – a short nonfiction work about a particular subject 19. fable – a very short story, usually with animal characters, that teachers a lesson or moral (The moral is usually stated at the end.) 20. fiction – prose writing that tells about imaginary characters and events 21. figurative language – not literal alliteration – repetitive first sounds idiom – old saying metaphor – comparison of two unlike things onomatopoeia – sound words personification – nonhuman with human characteristics pun – a play on words simile – comparison of two unlike things using like or as 22. flashback – a section of the story that interrupts the sequence of events to relate an event from an earlier time 23. folklore – tales, beliefs, customs, or other traditions of a people passed down from generation to generation 24. folk tale – a story composed orally and then passed from person to person by word of mouth 25. foreshadowing – the use of clues that suggest events that have yet to occur R8 26. genre – a division of literature prose – written in sentences and paragraphs (fiction and nonfiction) poetry - usually written in stanzas drama – a play 27. hero/heroine – a character whose actions are inspiring or noble 28. image – a work or phrase that appeals to one or more of the five senses; used to describe 29. imply – the author suggests something without stating it directly 30. infer – the reader draws a conclusion (makes an inference) 31. irony – a literary technique that involves a surprising, unexpected twist 32. legend – a widely told story about the past that may be based on real-life events 33. myth – a fictional story about gods and goddesses that usually explains a natural event 34. mood – the feeling generated in the reader Examples: tension, anticipation, joy, sadness, confusion, pride, hope, fear 35. moral – a lesson taught 36. narrator – a speaker or character who tells a story 37. novel – a long work of fiction 38. oral tradition – the passing of songs, stories, and poems from generation to generation 39. parody – humorous imitation of a serious writing 40. point of view – the position from which a writer tells a story 1st person – the narrator is a character in the story (“I”) 3rd person – no “I” telling story; relates thoughts, feelings and actions of different characters R9 41. plot – the sequence of events in a story exposition – introduces the characters, setting, and basic situation conflict introduced – the struggle that drives the story rising action – conflict increases climax – highest point of interest falling action resolution – the outcome of the conflict 42. predict – to make an educated guess about what will happen next 43. propaganda – biased or distorted information that is spread, in order to damage an opposing group or gain supporters. 44. protagonist – the main character 45. purpose – the reason an author writes a certain piece Examples: to entertain to amuse to instruct to argue to describe to explain to persuade to protest 46. satire – to use sarcasm or irony to ridicule (humorous) 47. speaker – the voice or character who tells a poem 48. stereotype – an idea that people have about a person or group that may be untrue 49. symbol – anything that stands for or represents something else 50. theme – a central message or lesson Examples of universal themes: good vs. evil learning lessons relationships transformation forming friendships survival 51. tone – the writer’s attitude toward the subject and characters Examples: amused critical objective angry sarcastic understanding R10