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Hinduism Concept of God Nirguna Brahman God without attributes Saguna Brahman God with attributes Saguna Brahman can be worshipped in any shape or form, human or otherwise Hindu Gods Vishnu – preserver of the universe. Hindu Gods Shiva – destroyer of the universe Hindu Gods Ganesha – Lord of success Hindu Gods Krishna – one of the most popular deities Four Goals of Human Life Kama – fulfillment of desires Artha – accumulation of wealth Dharma – performance of social and religious duties Moksha – freedom from want, liberation of the soul from endless cycle of rebirths, attained by uniting the atman with the Brachman. It is the ultimate goal of Hindus. Basic Beliefs A. All living things have a soul. B. All souls are part of the eternal soul called atman. The goal in life is to unite atman with Brahman. C. Souls want to be part of Brahman but selfish desire ties them to the material world. D. Moksha - the goal of Hinduism - to leave the material world and become one with Brahman, which gives true freedom, liberation from soul from the endless cycle of rebirth. E. Reincarnation – the soul is reborn in other bodily forms Basic Beliefs F. Karma – every action of a person in one life influences how he will be born in the next life. good karma = higher form closer to Brahman bad karma = suffering in lower form G. Dharma – moral rules all beings must obey, determined by age, gender, and social class. Good dharma = good karma Basic Beliefs H. Nirvana – oneness with Brahman when one reaches spiritual perfection. To get to nirvana more quickly, one can pray, do rituals, practice self-denial, and reject worldly goods. Symbolism in Hinduism Caste System Caste system – a system of unchangeable social rank given at birth that is based on occupation. The Hindu faith is used to justify the caste system. Your caste determines: who you marry who you talk to how you dress what you eat Caste System Brahmin (priests) Kshatryia (warriors) Viasys (merchants, landowners) Sudra (commoners, peasants, servants) Untouchables or Pariahs (street sweepers, latrine cleaners) Temple Worship Temples provide an atmosphere conducive for spiritual progress Centers of social and cultural activities Provide a place for collective worship and prayers Festivals Hinduism is a celebratory religion The motive: Festivals keep us close to Gods, invigorate our household and renew our personal life. Festivals signify victory of good over evil. Every month of Hindu calendar has at least one significant festival. Each festival has regional significance also. Celebration of diversity.