Download Chapter 14 Interactions in Ecosystems Review

Chapter 14 Interactions in Ecosystems Review
1. __Habitat_ is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives
2. ___Abiotic_or Density-Independent___ factors are non-living factors--temperature, rainfall, etc..
3. __Biotic or Density-Dependent___ factors are living factors---plants and
animals
4. __Ecological Niche___ includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive.
5. What keeps two species from occupying the same niche? Competitive Exclusion
6. Name two outcomes to competitive exclusion.
1. One Species Benefits and the Other Species Probably Goes Extinct
2. Niche is Divided
7. __Ecological Equivalents____ are species that occupy similar niches but live in
different geographical regions.
8. ___Competition_________ occurs when two organism fight for the same limited
resource.
9. __Predation___ occurs when one organism captures and eats another
10. ___Symbiosis_ is a close relationship between two different species that live in
close contact with each other.
11. Three types of Symbiosis:
a. Mutualism: both organisms benefit +/+ Example: Clownfish and Anemone
b. Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unharmed +/0
Example: Oak Tree and Spanish Moss
c. Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed +/Example:
Dog and Tick Leech Feeding on Host’s Blood
12. __Population Density______ is a measurement of the number of individuals
living in a defined space
13. Population Density = Number of Individuals
Area (Units2)
14. What refers to how a population is spread in an area? __Population Dispersion_
Clumped
Uniform
Random
15. ___Survivorship__ curve is a diagram showing the number of surviving
members over time from a measured set of births.
16. Survivorship Curves:
a. ___Type I__ low level of infant deaths and older population
Ex. Large Mammals and Humans
b. ___Type II__ survivorship equal at all stages of life
Ex. Birds and Reptiles
c. ___Type III__ high birth rate and high infant deaths
Ex. Invertebrates and Plants
17. Name four factors that affect the size of a population:
1. Immigration- Coming into a Population
2. Emigration- Leaving a Population
3. Births
4. Deaths
18. ___Exponential Growth_____ is a rapid increase due to an abundance of
resources
19. ___Logistic Growth____ is due to a population facing limited resources
20. Density-dependent limiting factors: predation, competition, disease
21. Density-independent limiting factors: unusual weather, natural disasters, humans
22. ___Succession__ occurs following a disturbance in an ecosystem.
23. __Primary Succession_____ started by pioneer species Ex. Volcanic Explosion
or Glacier
24. __Secondary Succession____ started by remaining species Ex. Fire or Mowing
Lawn