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Transcript
Chapter 14 Interactions in Ecosystems Review 1. __Habitat_ is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives 2. ___Abiotic_or Density-Independent___ factors are non-living factors--temperature, rainfall, etc.. 3. __Biotic or Density-Dependent___ factors are living factors---plants and animals 4. __Ecological Niche___ includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive. 5. What keeps two species from occupying the same niche? Competitive Exclusion 6. Name two outcomes to competitive exclusion. 1. One Species Benefits and the Other Species Probably Goes Extinct 2. Niche is Divided 7. __Ecological Equivalents____ are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions. 8. ___Competition_________ occurs when two organism fight for the same limited resource. 9. __Predation___ occurs when one organism captures and eats another 10. ___Symbiosis_ is a close relationship between two different species that live in close contact with each other. 11. Three types of Symbiosis: a. Mutualism: both organisms benefit +/+ Example: Clownfish and Anemone b. Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is unharmed +/0 Example: Oak Tree and Spanish Moss c. Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed +/Example: Dog and Tick Leech Feeding on Host’s Blood 12. __Population Density______ is a measurement of the number of individuals living in a defined space 13. Population Density = Number of Individuals Area (Units2) 14. What refers to how a population is spread in an area? __Population Dispersion_ Clumped Uniform Random 15. ___Survivorship__ curve is a diagram showing the number of surviving members over time from a measured set of births. 16. Survivorship Curves: a. ___Type I__ low level of infant deaths and older population Ex. Large Mammals and Humans b. ___Type II__ survivorship equal at all stages of life Ex. Birds and Reptiles c. ___Type III__ high birth rate and high infant deaths Ex. Invertebrates and Plants 17. Name four factors that affect the size of a population: 1. Immigration- Coming into a Population 2. Emigration- Leaving a Population 3. Births 4. Deaths 18. ___Exponential Growth_____ is a rapid increase due to an abundance of resources 19. ___Logistic Growth____ is due to a population facing limited resources 20. Density-dependent limiting factors: predation, competition, disease 21. Density-independent limiting factors: unusual weather, natural disasters, humans 22. ___Succession__ occurs following a disturbance in an ecosystem. 23. __Primary Succession_____ started by pioneer species Ex. Volcanic Explosion or Glacier 24. __Secondary Succession____ started by remaining species Ex. Fire or Mowing Lawn