Download Capital = Constantinople • Continued as the New ROME • Kings saw

• Capital =
Constantinople
• Continued as the
New ROME
• Kings saw
themselves to still be
considered ROMAN
emperors
Constantinople
• Survived because
it was far away
from the
Germanic tribe
invasions
• It was the
crossroads of
trade so it was
successful
• Preserved GrecoRoman culture
Justinian
• Justinian was a
serious emperor
who worked from
dawn to midnight
• He helped rebuild
and re-conquer
Rome
• Had ABSOLUTE
POWER =
controlled both
government and
church
Byzantine Under
Justinian
• He wanted a re-conquest of
the Roman territories that
were lost through
Germanic invasions
Justinian’s Accomplishments
• Sent Best general
Belisarius to take
North Africa from
the Vandals
• 2 Years later
Belisarius took
Rome back from
the Ostrogoths
• Justinian won back
nearly all the
territory Rome
used to rule.
Justinian Code
• Justinian set up a panel of
legal experts to look through
400 years of Roman law.
–Some laws were outdated
–Justinian wanted to create a
single, uniform code
• This became known as the
Justinian Code that was used
for 900 years after his death
Justinian Expands Trade
• The main street
that ran through
Constantinople
was called the
MESE which
means “Middle
Way”
–It ran from the
imperial palace
to the outer
walls
Justinian Expands Trade
• There was a
giant open-air
market where
shoppers could
buy
–Tin from
England
–Wine from
France
–Cork from
Spain
–Ivory and gold
from Africa
Byzantium Preserves Learning
• Families valued
education
–Sent children to
monastic or public
schools
–Hired private tutors
–Greek and Latin
grammar, philosophy
and rhetoric
• They preserved
Greek and Roman
great works
Justinian’s Building Program
• Launched the most ambitious
public building program the
Roman world had ever seen.
• City protected by a deep moat,
and three walls that were 25 feet
thick
• City coast was surrounded by a
14-mile stone wall
The Hagia Sophia
• Justinians’ most splendid
building
• Christian church later taken by
the Muslims
I. The Eastern Orthodox Church:
A. Created after the Schism (split) of 1054: permanent split between Roman Catholic Church
B. Differences with the west:
1. No Pope in Eastern Orthodox Church
2. Byzantine priest could marry.
3. Greek, not Latin was the language of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire
C. Effect of Byzantine Empire and the Eastern Orthodox Church
1. Greatly influenced Russia
a. Russians became Eastern Orthodox Christians
b. Russia adopted Cyrillic Alphabet from Eastern Orthodox Priests
Place an R.C. for Roman Catholic over the
Roman Catholic part of Europe
Place an E.O. over the Eastern Orthodox
part of Europe
Name: ______________________________
Aim: What are Islam’s Five Pillars of Faith?
Thursday 12/16/10
Do Now: Why do you think Islam and Christianity are the two largest religions in the world?
I. The Religion of Islam:
A. The founder of Islam is Muhammad. He was born in Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula in about 570
A.D..
B. When he was about 40: he experienced a revelation (vision)
1. He was told by an angel that although God had spoken to Abraham, Moses and Jesus, God had
not yet fully revealed himself.
2. God would make Mohammed his messenger and Mohammed would spread the true word of
God
C. Mohammed encouraged the people of Mecca to give up their false gods and commit to belief in the
one true God. The word for God in Arabic is Allah.
D. The People of Mecca did not at first believe Muhammad chased him out of the City. Mohammed and
his followers fled from Mecca to the city of Medina in fear of their lives.
E. Eventually, the people of Mecca believed Mohammed was the messenger of God and d Mohammed
returned to the city. Mohammed destroyed the statues of the other gods that were housed in the
Kabba. The Kabba in Mecca became the holiest place in the Islamic religion.
F. An important story in Islam is Muhammed traveling from Mecca to Jerusalem by winged horse to
Jerusalem in one night.
Question: Which two religions is Islam related to?
Question: Based on the notes, what are the three holy cities of Islam?
Question: In what ways is Islam more like Christianity than Judaism?
I.
Five Pillars of Islam
A. All Muslims carry out the following duties:
1. Faith: “No god but Allah; and Muhammad is
his prophet”
2. Prayer: pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
3. Almsgiving: give to the poor – percentage of
income to charity
4. Fasting: during the month of Ramadan; no eating and drinking for sunrise to sunset
5. Pilgrimage (hajj): travel to Mecca at least once in their life if they can afford it.
II. Islam as a way of Life
A. Obey five pillars
B. Mosque: place of prayers for Muslims
B. The Quran (Koran): Holy book and guide for living.
1. Written in Arabic – believed to contain God’s word as revealed to Muhammad.
2. Final authority on matters of faith and lifestyle.
Question: Which of the Five Pillars of Islam do you think is most difficult to follow?
Name: ____________________________
Aim: What were the major contributions of the Abbassid Empire?
Monday 1/3/11
Do Now:
Who was the founder of Islam?
What is the name of the holy book of Islam?
What are the three holiest cities in Islam?
List the five pillars of Islam:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I. The Spread of Islam
A. Islamic leaders who ruled after Muhammad’s death were called caliphs
B. The “Rightly Guided Caliphs”
1. the first 4 caliphs were close friends or relatives of Muhammad
Question. What is a dynasty?
C. Umayyad Dynasty – ruling family that created an Islamic Empire
1. Spread Islam
2. Caused a schism (split) in Islam.
3. Religious Sect: separate part of one religion
4. Two Sects in Islam
a) Sunni- those who believe any devout (religious) Muslim could be caliph
b) Shiite- believed only descendants of Muhammad should be caliph
Q. What are the two religious sects in Christianity that we have studied?
I. Golden Age of Islam:
A. Golden Age of Islam was during the Abbasid dynasty - 800’s A.D./C.E.
B. gained knowledge/wealth through trade & wars
1. Muslims learned from Byzantine, Indian, & Persian influences
II. Reasons For Growth of Islam
A. Byzantine & Persian Empires were weakened by ongoing wars
B. Arab-Muslims were highly skilled traders & warriors
C. conquered people were treated fairly- could pay tax instead of converting
I. Achievements of the Abbasid Dynasty
A. Medicine & Chemistry
1. Comprehensive Medical Encyclopedia written by Al-Razi
B. Astronomy & Geography
1. invented astrolabe - determines positions of stars & movements of planets (used by sailors/travelers)
C. Mathematics- simplified algebra & invented trigonometry
D. Art & Architecture
1. arabesques- calligraphy entwined w/ flowers (Persian Rugs)
2. built beautiful mosques (place of worship)
E. Literature: Arabian Nights
2/9 Aim: How was Europe
organized during the
Middle Ages?
Do Now: While China, India, The Byzantines,
and the Islamic Empires were experiencing
a golden age, what was going on in
Western Europe? For review, briefly
describe what happened to western
Europe at the end of the Roman Empire.
What do you think a dark age is?
The Middle Ages Defined
• After the fall of Rome, Western
Europe entered a period known
as the Middle Ages, also known
as The Medieval Period, which
lasted from 400 – 1400 A.D.
The Middle
Ages or
Medieval Period
400-1400
500 B.C – 476
A.D The
Roman
Empire
The Renaissance
(Rebirth)
Begins around 1400
The Middle Ages Defined
• In general, the Middle Ages are
defined by a lack of central
government, decline of trade,
population shift to rural areas,
decrease in learning, and a rise
in the power of The Roman
Catholic Church.
The Rise of Feudalism – Political
and Social Organization of
Medieval Europe
The Problem: You are one of many kings ruling various
kingdoms in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. You
are also the proud owner of large landholdings in your
area. However, you are struggling to control the nobles in
your kingdom who are fighting each other to expand their
landholdings and increase their power (in turn, threatening
yours). In addition, you are concerned about increasing
barbarian attacks from the east. What can you do to create
structure in your kingdom and ensure order?
Your Solution:
The Rise of Feudalism – Political
and Social Organization of
Medieval Europe
Oath of loyalty/military
support
Loyalty/milit
ary
King
Vassal
(Lord)
Grant Fief
(land)
Shelter/food
Knights
Labor, rent
Serfs and Peasants
(90% of population)
Shelter/foo
d
And
protection
The Rise of Feudalism – Political
and Social Organization of
Medieval Europe
• Causes of Feudalism: After the fall of
Rome, Western Europe was a scary place!
With no strong, central government to raise
a large army, there was no protection from
invaders. The Feudal system emerged as a
means to create social/political order and
stability in society was well as to provide a
system of protection
•The Role of Serfs: They were bound to the
land. In other words, slaves.
•No social mobility! Your place in this feudal
pyramid was determined by birth!
The Manor System – The Medieval
Economic System
• Sometimes
the manor
system is
referred to as
manorialism.
• The manor
was
completely
self sufficient
meaning that
everything
that was
needed was
on the manor.
• Very little
reason to
leave or travel
The Manor System – The
Medieval Economic System
• The self sufficient manor
contributed to the decline of
learning. No new ideas were
exchanged. Technology was slow
to progress.
• Little use of money. Wealth based
on land.
Name: _________________________
Aim: How did the Roman Catholic in the Middle Ages help and control Western Europe?
Do Now: read the quote and answer the question
“Just as the moon gets her light from the sun, and is inferior to the sun, so the king get his power from the papal
(pope’s) authority.” - Pope Innocent III (1198 C.E.)
1. According to the quote, why does a king need the pope? _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
I. Importance of the Catholic Church in Western Europe During the Middle Ages
A. Most of Western Europe was Catholic during Middle Ages
B. People believed that the Catholic Church determined who went to heaven and who went to hell
C. Seven Sacraments: seven important ceremonies that determine who can get into heaven.
1.Examples: Baptism, Communion, Confirmation, Confession
2. Without a priest, the sacraments can not be performed
D. those who broke church law were punished:
1) excommunication- being cut off from the Church/sacraments
II. Culture of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages:
A. Art & Architecture- large churches demonstrated the power of the Church
1. Gothic: a style of architecture where large churches would be built (see below)
2. stained glass windows told stories from Bible- to the illiterate
III. Roman Catholic Church in Conflict with Royal Power (The Kings)
A. Lay Investiture: Kings appointed church officials that resided in their territories.
Question: Why would a king want to appoint the church officials that reside in his territories?____________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
B. Pope bans Lay Investiture.
C. King orders pope to resign
Question: What can the Pope do to the King? ________________________________________________
D. Pope excommunicates Emperor
Question: Why will the king’s kingdom be in danger if the king is excommunicated? _________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
F. Concordat of Worms (concordat = agreement; Worms = city in Germany)
1. Pope appoints church officials
How does the Gothic
style of architecture
displayed in this church
demonstrate the power
of the Catholic Church in
the Middle Ages?