Download World War I - Goshen Central School District

Homework – Causes of WWI
Chapter 27, Section 1 –
“The Stage is Set”
 Outline (good notes) on the
MAIN causes that lead to World
War I
 DBQ 19 – Due Friday
 Read
Crash Course in World History - WWI
MAIN Causes of World War I
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
4 MAIN Causes of WWI
*sources of tension leading up to 1914
Militarism – countries “beefing up” their
militaries led to increased hostility; link to
Industrialization of Europe as stimulus
Alliances – countries had each other’s backs;
based on rivalries and past conflicts
Imperialism – competition for colonies led to
tensions
Nationalism – pride in one’s country/ethnicity led
to desires for expansion/independence
DBQ 19 – Causes of WW I:
classify the documents into chart
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Causes of World War I – DBQ 19
Militarism
Doc 1 –
chart $ spent on
armaments
Doc 5
Russian
mobilization
Doc 6
mobilization
Alliances
Doc 2 map –
Triple alliance vs.
Triple Entente
Doc 4
Germany and her
allies to “blame”
by the “winners”
Doc 7 –
two armed
“camps”
Imperialism
Doc 5
German protest
Nationalism
Doc 3
Serbian nationalists
Europe on the brink of war –
Summer of 1914
 The
Balkan “Powderkeg” – Serbian
Nationalism
 Assassination in Sarajevo
 Diplomatic crisis and breakdown
 Military mobilization and outbreak
of war
The Spark =June – August of 1914
In 1914, Austrian Archduke Franz
Ferdinand and his wife were visiting
Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Gavrilo Princip, of
the Serbian nationalist group called the
Black Hand, assassinated the
Archduke and his wife
1.
3.
2.
Austria-Hungary made
threats to Serbia, whom
they blamed for the
assassination. Russia
supported Serbia, and
readied their military for
war.
Germany declared war on 4. This resulted in Great
Russia, and on France,
Britain declaring war on
Russia's ally. Germany
Germany, which was
then invaded Belgium as a
the start of World War I.
prelude to invading France
World War I: Who was to blame?
*Identify why each nation believed it had reasons for going to war
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Britain
Russia
France
The War begins…

War on 2 FRONTS
 Western
front = in France; stalemate and trench
warfare
 Eastern front = in Russia; huge and costly

New (modern) weapons of war = deadly
and destructive
 Poison
gas, tanks, machine guns, planes and
submarines
New Type of War - Trench warfare
Trench Foot

Mustard & chlorine gases were used
British Gas Casualties: 1914-18
Deaths
Non-Fatal
Chlorine
1,976
164,457
Mustard Gas
4,086
16,526
The Sinking of the Lusitania

Sunk in May 1915 off the coast of Ireland
1201 people were killed
Sunk in 18 minutes
The Lusitania was in
fact carrying weapons

This ruined relations with the U.S. and would
eventually lead to U.S. entry into war
An end to the stalemate: By 1917, European
societies were cracking under the strain of war.

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Fighting on other fronts – Africa and the Middle
East
The Home Front = TOTAL war; committing ALL
of the nation’s resources to the war effort
Russia leaves (withdraws) due to Revolution at
home = Power shifts to Central powers
(Germany & Austria-Hungary)
United States enters the War = new soldiers
and supplies
Final offensives = huge effort to end the war;
merely serves to increase the casualty totals
German generals
informed the Kaiser the
war could not be won in
Sept. 1918
 WWI ended on the 11th
hour of the 11th day of
the 11th month of 1918
 November 11, 1918 at
11:00 am, all the involved
countries agreed to a
ceasefire.
 An armistice

Casualties of World War I
Deaths
in Battle
Wounded
in Battle
Allies
France
British empire
Russia
Italy
United States
Others
1,357,800
908,371
1,700,000
462,391
50,585
502,421
4,266,000
2,090,212
4,950,000
953,886
205,690
342,585
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman empire
1,808,546
922,500
325,000
4,247,143
3,620,000
400,000
NOTES – Copy this!
The Costs of War

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More than 8.5 million people died. Twice that
number had been wounded.
Famine threatened many regions.
Across the European continent, homes, farms,
factories, roads, and churches had been shelled to
rubble.
People everywhere were shaken and disillusioned.
Governments had collapsed in Russia, Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire.
The Paris Peace Conference
The delegates to the Paris Peace Conference faced many difficult issues:

The Allied leaders had different aims (goals).
The BIG THREE:
1. Pres. Wilson (U.S.) = “peace with honor, peace without victory”
2. Lloyd George (England) = preserve the British Empire
3. Clemenceau (France) = punish Germany the aggressor
The Italians insisted that the Allies honor their secret
agreement to gain Austria-Hungary. Such secret agreements
violated Wilson’s principle of self-determination.


Many people who had been ruled by Russia, Austria-Hungary, or
the Ottoman empire now demanded national states of their own. The
territories claimed by these people often overlapped, so it was
impossible to satisfy them all.

Result = MANDATES (A territory that was given to a European nation to
administer by the League of Nations following the end of World War I.)
The Big Three
(+ Italy)
@ Versailles
1918
Lloyd George of England
Vittorio Orlando of Italy
Georges Clemenceau of France (“Le Tigre”)
Woodrow Wilson from the US
NOTES – Copy this!
Wilson’s Fourteen Points

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“Peace without victory”
Called for an end to secret treaties
Wanted freedom of the seas
Free trade
Large scale reduction of arms
Self-determination – right to
people to choose own form of
government & fair treatment of
colonial peoples
League of Nations
The Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty:
•
•
forced Germany to assume full blame for causing the war.
imposed huge reparations upon Germany.
The Treaty aimed at weakening Germany by:
•
•
•
•
limiting the size of the German military,
returning Alsace and Lorraine to France,
removing hundreds of miles of territory from Germany,
stripping Germany of its overseas colonies.
The Germans signed the treaty because they had no choice.
But German resentment of the Treaty of Versailles would
poison the international climate for 20 years and lead to an
even deadlier world war…(cue Hitler and World War II)
NOTES – Copy this!
Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Signed in the Palace of Versailles 10 miles outside of Paris
“…isn’t it ironic? Don’t ya’ think?”

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It was signed in the Hall of Mirrors
Germany must assume full blame for war
Germany had to pay $30 Billion in reparations (war
damages)
Germany’s military was extremely limited/reduced
Alsace & Lorraine were returned to France
(remember the Franco-Prussian War?)
Germany was stripped of its overseas colonies
Why weren’t the
other nations of
the Central powers
(aka “losers”)
punished as
harshly as
Germany?
Europe in 1914 and 1920
1914
Europe in 1914 and 1920
1920
World War I: Cause and Effect
Immediate Causes
Long-Term Causes
Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Imperialist and economic rivalries
among European powers
Fighting in the Balkans
Assassination of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand
European alliance system
German invasion of Belgium
Immediate Effects
Enormous cost in lives and money
Russian Revolution
Militarism and arms race
Nationalist tensions in Balkans
Long-Term Effects
Economic impact of war debts on
Europe
Creation of new nations in Eastern Europe
**see maps 1914 vs. 1920
Emergence of United States and Japan
as important powers
Requirement that Germany pay reparations
Growth of nationalism in colonies
German loss of its overseas colonies
Rise of fascism
Balfour Declaration
World War II
League of Nations
WARNING!!!
Widespread Dissatisfaction
Eastern Europe remained a center of conflict.
Colonized peoples from Africa to the Middle East and across Asia
were angry that self-determination was not applied to them.
Italy was angry because it did not get all the lands promised in a
secret treaty with the Allies.
Japan was angry that western nations refused to honor its claims in
China.
Russia resented the reestablishment of a Polish nation and three
Baltic states on lands that had been part of the Russian empire.
QUIZ – Chapter 27:
World War I and its Aftermath

Multiple Choice (20-25)
 Regents

Prep only has 7 practice questions
1 Short response question
HOMEWORK: Read Chapter 28, Section 1 –
“Two Revolutions in Russia”. Complete the
Section 1 Review Questions on page