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The Seeds of War Mr. White’s World History Class Big Questions After this section, we should be able to answer this question: How did the main causes of World War I combine to cause the war? The Situation in Europe Before World War I Between the French Revolution and World War I, some changes had taken place in Europe 1871 – German states united and defeated France quickly and completely in the FrancoPrussian War Took the territory of Alsace-Lorraine These German states then formed into Germany, unified by German nationalism Italy had formed from many small Italian states, unified by Italian nationalism The MAIN Causes World War I had four main causes, easy to remember by using the word “MAIN” Militarism Alliance Systems Imperialism and rivalries Nationalism Each of these causes made the war more likely to happen in the way that it did Imperialism and European Rivalries Rivalries between European nations began to grow before World War I – because… Industrialization and economic competition Imperialism – desire to take colonies Imperialism and European Rivalries, 2 Different nations had different imperialist motivations Great Britain – wanted to keep the seas open to navigation, keep the balance of power in Europe France – Alsace-Lorraine had been taken by Germany in the last war, wanted to take it back Germany – wanted to protect its colonies, take some from the Ottoman Empire Austria-Hungary – wanted the Balkans, and the Aegean Sea Russia – wanted the Bosporus, Dardanelles, and the Black Sea Nationalism Nationalism, a person’s identification with a nation first, had intensified rivalries in Europe Germany had formed because of nationalism France wanted AlsaceLorraine back – symbol of national pride Slavic Nationalism Many Slavic people in the Balkans believed that they should have their own nation Austria-Hungary thought this would lead to revolts by Slavs Austria-Hungary took over BosniaHerzegovina in 1908 Serbia, a neighbor, called on Russia to do something about this Russia couldn’t – too weak from the war with Japan Militarism Militarism is… The glorification of war and the military – so… Many European nations were prepared to use the military to solve national problems European nations had begun to assess other nation’s military strength Military leaders argued that countries had to match the readiness of their rivals All European nations except Great Britain adopted conscription, or mandatory military service for men Military Plans Many European nations adopted to-theminute strategic plans that would go into effect when the war started Germans – had adopted the Schlieffen plan in the case of war with both France and Russia Russians would take a long time to mobilize Germans would attack the French and take Paris in six weeks Germans would then move their forces over to attack Russia Other Military Plans Other nations had military plans, as well France – Plan XVII; attack Germans in AlsaceLorraine and take it back Austria-Hungary – Plans B and R; plans for fighting in the Balkans or against Russia Russia – Plans G, A, and 19; would trade lives, land, and losses for time to mobilize Britain – Didn’t really have any plans for fighting this war; didn’t want to fight on the continent Alliance Systems By 1882, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy had formed the Triple Alliance Opposed to any aggression by France By 1892, France and Russia signed an alliance against German or AustroHungarian aggression France and Great Britain entered into an entente in 1907 – not an alliance, but an understanding between nations