Download World War I

Imperialism: Domination by one country of
the political, economic, or cultural life of
another country or region.
Imperialism led to:
Militarism: Glorification of the military.
Militarism led to:
Nationalism: A strong feeling of pride in
and devotion to one’s country.
Nationalism led to:
Aspirations for independence in a country
under foreign domination.
The 20th Century Begins
As the 20th century opened, Europe was brimming
with tension. On the surface, all appeared calm. But
underneath, the forces of nationalism, imperialism,
and militarism helped fuel an intense competition
among European nations. In 1914, these forces—
along with a set of complex military alliances—led
to a war that engulfed all of Europe and eventually
touched nearly every corner of the world.
After four years of fighting, the Allied Powers, led by
France, Britain, and the United States, defeated the
Axis (or Central) Powers, comprised mainly of
Germany and Austria-Hungary. The conflict, which
saw the first use of so much advanced weaponry,
devastated Europe. The war left millions dead and
millions more wounded. It also left behind a peace
treaty that only increased many nations’ bitterness
toward one another.
The Great War
Long-Term Causes
• Nationalism spurs
competition among
European nations.
• Imperialism deepens
national rivalries.
• Militarism leads to large
standing armies.
Immediate Causes
• The assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand in June 1914
prompts Austria to declare war on
Serbia.
• The alliance system requires
nations to support their allies.
European countries declare war
on one another.
• The alliance system
divides Europe into two
rival camps.
WORLD WAR I
Mapping the Alliances 1914
The Alliance System in 1914
Allies (Triple Entente*)
 Great Britain*
 France*
 Russia*
 Italy (changed sides
from Triple Alliance)
 United States
(entered the war in
1915)
Central Powers
(Triple Alliance*)
 Germany*
 Austria Hungary*
 Italy* (later changed
sides)
 Ottoman Empire
Mapping the Alliances
1914-1918
Textbook page 687
Conflicting National Interests
Set the Stage for War
• Imperialism
• New Advances in military weapons
• Triple Alliance – Bismarck feared that France
would seek revenge for its defeat in the
Franco Prussian war of 1871 by trying to
regain Alsace-Lorraine.
• 1879: Dual Alliance – Bismarck tried to
prevent a France-Russian alliance that would
hem in Germany.
• Germany and Austria Hungary join forces.
• Triple Alliance - Italy requested a pact
with Germany and Austria Hungary. This
treaty served to isolate France.
• Triple Entente – Russia Borrowed money
from France after losing a war to Japan.
• 1894: Russia and France form an
alliance.
• Great Britain seeks allies to stop German
navy from usurping its dominance of the
seas. British and French reach an
agreement over control of Morocco
(France) and Egypt (Great Britain).
• Great Britain and Russia sign an agreement
ending rivalry in Middle East.
BALKAN POWDER KEG
• Austria-Hungary controls Bosnia
• Many people of Serbian descent live in Bosnia
• Serbia is trying to expand it territory just like
everyone else. Serbia decides that Bosnia
should be a part of Serbia.
• Serbia is landlocked and want a way to the sea
• Taking control of Bosnia gives them sea access.
• Serbia decides to begin a revolution in Bosnia
hoping for Serbs to take control.
• Russia, hoping to assume leadership of a
Slavic league, supported Serbia’s goals.
• Who is allied with Russia? France and
Great Britain.
• Who is allied with Austria-Hungary,
controller of Bosnia? Germany and Italy
• June 28, 1914: Bosnian Serbs assassinate
Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
• War is declared.
Trench Warfare:
Protection from the Machine Gun
The Guns of August
America Enters the War.
• At first, Americans
avoided entering the war
in Europe.
• Industry concentrated
on providing military
goods to the Allies.
• The United States sent
aid to the Belgians.
• German uboats and
torpedoing of American
ships caused American
sentiment to swing
toward entering the war.
Influenza Pandemic of 1918
• One of the most
devastating killers
of World War I was
the flu.
• More soldiers died
of the flu than from
gunfire, bombing,
or poison gas.
The First Air War
Treaty of Versailles
• Germany forced to take all responsibility
for the war.
• Germany stripped of its colonies.
• Germany must pay huge reparations.
• Alsace and Lorraine to France.
• Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia and Finland
carved out of Russian territory.
• Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary
carved out of German territory.
• Yugoslavia created in the Balkans. It
incorporates Serbia, which disappears.
Mapping the Treaty of Versailles
Textbook page 696
The Great War
WORLD WAR I
Immediate Effects
• A generation of Europeans are
killed or wounded.
• Dynasties fall in Germany,
Austria-Hungary, and Russia.
• New countries are created.
• The League of Nations is
established to help promote
peace.
Long-Term Effects
• Many nations feel
bitter and betrayed by
the peace settlements.
• Problems that helped
cause the war—
nationalism,
competition—remain.
World War I: The World Must
Be Made Safe for Democracy!
1. Take out the handout you
received last time.
2. Pick up a textbook from the
shelf and turn to page 360.
3. Read “New Weapons” and
answer the question below
on the back of your handout.
4. Use a complete sentence.
Warm Up – How did trench warfare affect the
fighting in World War I?