Download Symbiosis: I get by with a little help from my friends*.

OBJECTIVE: Identify
Different Interactions
among species
 Habitat:
The ecosystem in which an
organism lives.
 Niche:
Full range of physical and biological
conditions in which an organism lives and the
way the organism uses those conditions.
A



Niche Includes:
Food: What it eats and how it’s obtained, where
is it on the food web? What eats it?
Abiotic Conditions: Non-living things needed to
survive (sun, temperature, water, salt water,
fresh water, heat, protection, etc.)
Behavior: When and how it reproduces, mating
rituals, hibernation, defense mechanisms,
interactions with others
 How
is a niche
different from a
habitat?
V
S
 Competition:
When organisms attempt to
use an ecological resource at the same time
in the same place.
 Competitive
Exclusion Principle: Two species
competing for the same resources cannot
coexist if other ecological factors are
constant.


When one species has even the slightest
advantage or edge over another, the one with the
advantage will dominate in the long term.
Behavioral shift, or evolutional shift to a
different niche.
 Predation:
When one organism captures and
eats another organism.
 SYMBIOSIS
is the interaction between 2 different
organisms living together


HOST- usually the LARGER of the 2 organisms
SYMBIONT- usually the SMALLER member
 Is
a relationship between the
host and a symbiont, where
both organisms benefit and
neither is harmed.
 The relationship can be long or
short term.
 For example, the host flower
benefits by being pollinated by
the traveling butterfly. The
symbiont butterfly benefits
from the nectar that it extracts
from the flower.
 Is
a relationship between the host
and symbiont, where the symbiont
benefits and the host is neither
helped nor harmed.
 The symbiont benefits by receiving
transportation, housing, and/or
nutrition.
 For example, barnacles receive
transportation from the host
whale. The host whale is neither
helped nor harmed by the
barnacles.
 Is
a relationship where the Symbiont
lives in/on the Host
 The Symbiont (or Parasite)
BENEFITS
 The Host is HARMED
 For example, the tick in the picture
above is a parasite. It benefits by
extracting blood from its human
host. The human is harmed because
 Write
the partner, what happens in the
relationship, and then identify the
relationship as



Parasitism,
Mutualism, or
Commensalism
Oxpeckers
eat ticks on
the
rhinoceros’s
back.
This is an example of:
MUTUALISM
Stork cuts up
dead animals
that it eats
with its beak.
Bees lay eggs
on the
carcasses that
provide food
for the eggs.
This is an example of:
COMMENSALISM
Feed next to
each other
and warn
each other
when
predators
come.
This is an example of:
MUTUALISM
Cowbird
follows the
bison and
eats the
insects in the
grass.
This is an example of:
COMMENSALISM
Live on deer
and suck their
blood.
This is an example of:
PARASITISM
•
Silverfish
follow ants
and eat ants’
prey
This is an example of:
Commesalism
Wrasse fish
eats parasites
on black sea
bass.
This is an example of:
MUTUALISM
Attaches to
shark and
eats scraps
from the
shark’s meal.
This is an example of:
COMMENSALISM
Mistletoe
grows on
spruce trees
and uses its
water and
nutrients.
This is an example of:
PARASITISM
Yucca moth
pollinates
yucca plant
and lays its
eggs on the
flower.
This is an example of:
MUTUALISM
Attaches to
shark and
eats scraps
from the
shark’s meal.
This is an example of:
PARASITISM
.
This is an example of:
MUTUALISM
Clownfish feeds on
animals which could
harm the sea anemone,
and the sea anemone
gets nutrients from
clown fish waste.
This is an example of:
MUTUALISM