Download Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science Indiana State Standards 1

Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science
Indiana State Standards
1. ES.3.1 Understand that the Earth system contains fixed amounts of each stable chemical element and that each element moves among reservoirs
in the solid earth, oceans, atmosphere and living organisms as part of biogeochemical cycles (i.e., nitrogen, water, carbon, oxygen and phosphorus
cycles), which are driven by energy from within the earth and from the sun.
2. ES.3.3 Identify and differentiate between renewable and nonrenewable resources present within Earth’s systems. Describe the possible long-term
consequences that increased human consumption has placed on natural processes that renew some resources.
3. ES 5.1 Describe the large-scale, compositional layers of the Earth.
4. ES.6.1 Investigate and discuss how humans affect and are affected by geological systems and processes.
Key Terms
Astronomy
Contour line
Geology
Latitude
Oceanography
Syllabus
Date
Aug. 15
Aug. 17
Objectives


Describe the primary goal of Earth science.
Explain how humans affect Earth’s system.


Define Earth Science.
Describe Earth’s two major sources of
energy.
Distinguish between renewable and
nonrenewable resources.

Aug. 21
Aug. 23
Atmosphere
Core
Geosphere
Longitude
System



Define the terms hypothesis and theory.
Describe the formation of Earth and the solar
system.
Describe Earth’s four major spheres.

Application of objectives from previous class.
Biosphere
Crust
Hydrosphere
Mantle
Theory
Activities
1. Class Policies and Procedures
2. Pretest
3. Planetarium visit
4. Section 1.1 Questions for HW
1. Check Notebooks
2. Go over section questions
3. Finish Pretest
4. Planetarium visit-observations
5. Section 1.2 Questions for HW
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
Go over section questions
Notes Why Earth Science?
Why Earth Sci short video
Why Graph Data?
Section 1.3 Questions for HW
Go over section questions
Lab: continued
Contour interval
Earth science
Hypothesis
Meteorology
Topographic map
Aug. 27

Assessment of Introduction, Metrics, and
Measurements Objectives
Aug. 29

Locate points on Earth’s surface by their
latitude and longitude.
Aug. 31

Describe the advantages and disadvantages
of different types of maps.
Explain what makes topographic maps
different from other maps.
Describe the Moon and its environment
Describe the advantages and disadvantages
of different types of maps.

Sep. 5


Sep. 7

Application of objectives from previous class.

Assessment of Location, Distance, and Maps
Objectives
Sep. 11
Astronomy Unit
Chapter 22 : Origin of Modern Astronomy
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
Guided Instruction: Review
Notes: Characteristics of Earth
Guided Instruction: Converting metrics
Lab: Predicting height via foot length
Quiz: Chapter 1 sect 1 & 2
Guided Instruction: Converting metrics
Lab Predicting height via foot length
Section 1.4 Questions for HW
Wrap up lab…
Video: Greatest Discoveries in Earth Sci.
1. Notes: Mapping and Determining Location on Earth
2. Lab: Ex. 21 Location & Distance on Earth
3. Computer Lab: Topographic Maps
1. Video about the Moon
2. Location and Distance Activity
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Go over Location and Distance
Guided Instruction: Reading Topographic Maps
Exercise 3: Topo Map
Guided Instruction: Review
Wrap up Topo Maps
Review
Quiz: Chapter 1 Sect 3,4 and 5
Begin next unit
Sect. 22.1 for HW
Observations in the Planetarium
Chapter 23: Solar System
Chapter 24: Studying the Sun
Chapter 25: Beyond the Sun
Indiana State Standards
SCI.ES.2 2010 - The Solar System
Describe the age, origin and evolution of our solar system and describe the characteristics of objects in the solar system. (ES.2.1, ES.2.2, ES.2.3)
Recognize the role of gravity and other forces in determining the motion of bodies in the solar system. (ES.2.4)
SCI.ES.2.1 2010
Understand and discuss the nebular theory concerning the formation of solar systems. Include in the discussion the roles of planetesimals and
protoplanets.
SCI.ES.2.2 2010
Describe the characteristics of the various kinds of objects in the solar system (e.g., planets, satellites, comets and asteroids). Recognize that
planets have been identified orbiting stars other than the sun.
SCI.ES.2.3 2010
Recognize that the sun is the main source of external energy for the Earth. Describe the cycles of solar energy and some of their impacts on the
Earth.
SCI.ES.2.4 2010
Describe the motions of the various kinds of objects in our solar system (e.g., planets, satellites, comets and asteroids). Explain that Kepler’s
laws determine the orbits of those objects and know that Kepler’s laws are a direct consequence of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
together with his laws of motion.
Key Terms: astronomy; geocentric; orbit; heliocentric retrograde motion • ellipse • astronomical unit (AU) rotation • revolution •
precession • perihelion •aphelion • perigee • apogee • phases of the moon • solar eclipse •lunar eclipse crater • ray • mare • rille •
lunar regolith terrestrial planet • Jovian planet • nebula •planetesimal; dwarf planet; asteroid • comet • coma • meteoroid • meteor •
Meteorite; electromagnetic spectrum • photon • spectroscopy continuous spectrum • absorption spectrum • emission spectrum •
Doppler effect;
refracting telescope • chromatic aberration •reflecting telescope • radio telescope; photosphere • chromosphere • corona • solar wind
•sunspot • prominence • solar flare • aurora • nuclear fusion; constellation • parallax • binary star • light-year •apparent magnitude •
absolute magnitude • main-sequence star •red giant • supergiant • Cepheid variable • nova • nebulae; protostar • supernova • white dwarf
•neutron star • pulsar • black hole; galaxy • galactic cluster • Hubble’s law •big bang theory
Sept. 13
■ Describe the contributions of ancient
Greeks to astronomy.
1. Go over sect. 22.1 Questions
2. Go to Planetarium
■ Compare and contrast the geocentric and
heliocentric models of the solar system.
3. Observations in Planetarium
■ Explain the contributions to astronomy of
Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and
Newton.
Sept. 17
■ Describe the contributions of ancient
Greeks to astronomy.
■ Compare and contrast the geocentric and
heliocentric models of the solar system.
1. Collect HW
2. Notes on Chap 22
3. Observations in Planetarium
■ Explain the contributions to astronomy of
Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and
Newton.
Sept. 19
Describe the movements of Earth known as
rotation, revolution, and precession.
Explain how the moon goes through phases.
Explain how eclipses occur.
Describe how the physical features of the
lunar surface were created.
Explain the history of the moon.
1. Pop quiz
2. Notes on Seasons and Moon Phases
3. Great Discoveries in Astronomy
Sept. 26
Describe how the physical features of the
lunar surface were created
Explain how the moon goes through phases.
Explain how eclipses occur.
Moon phase quiz and seasons quiz
Eclipse notes and demo
Earth’s Moon: features; craters; formation
Wrap up Chap 22
scale lab of the solar system-start
Sept. 28
List the major differences between the
terrestrial andJovian planets.
1. Scale lab of the Solar System
2. Observations in the Planetarium
Oct. 2nd
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of
1. Collect Scale Lab
Sept. 24
1. Finish Great Discoveries in Astronomy
2. Practice moon phases/moon phase Handout
3. Kepler’s Laws and Gravity notes
Oct. 4th
each terrestrial planet.
Explain how the solar system formed
List the major differences between the
terrestrial and Jovian planets.
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of
each terrestrial planet.
Explain how the solar system formed
List the major differences between the
terrestrial andJovian planets.
Oct. 8th
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of
each Jovian planet.
Explain why Pluto is not considered a planet.
Oct. 10th
Oct. 12th
1. 3rd Law Quiz
2. Finish Planet Positions Lab
3. Observations in Planetarium: from the lab
1. Go over HW-Planet Positions Lab
2. A Traveler’s guide to the Planets: Mercury and Venus
Identify the location within our solar system
where most asteroids are found.
Describe the structure of a comet.
Explain the possible origins for a meteoroid.
1. Inner/Outer Planets Activity
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of
each Jovian planet.
Explain why Pluto is not considered a planet.
1. Requiz??
2. Planet Fact Sheets
3. Exercise 19: Questions
4. Planetarium observations
5. Finish ATGTTSS:Venus
Oct. 16th
Oct. 17th
2. Go over Chap. 23.1 Section Questions
3. Notes on Solar System
4. Planet Positions Lab
Explain how the solar system formed
List the major differences between the
terrestrial and Jovian planets
Identify the location within our solar system
where most asteroids are found.
2. Go over student grades/missing assignments
3. Computer lab 2nd half of period: Planet Fact sheet
Finish Mercury and Venus video
23.3 Section Questions
Notes on Solar System Formation
Begin Exercise 18
A Traveler’s Guide to the Solar System: Mars
Oct. 23rd
Describe the distinguishing characteristics of
each terrestrial planet.
Oct. 25th
400 years of the telescope
Describe the waves that compose the
24.1 Section Questions
electromagnetic spectrum
Explain how refracting, reflecting, and radio
telescopes work
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of
each type of telescope.
Explain the advantages that a space telescope
has over an Earth-based telescope.
Oct. 29th
Describe the waves that compose the
electromagnetic spectrum.
List the major differences between the
terrestrial and Jovian planets
Open note/Open book practice quiz
Course recommendation in Power teacher
24.2 Section Questions
Oct. 31st
List the major differences between the
terrestrial and Jovian planets
Ex. 18 quiz for a grade
A Traveler’s Guide to the Solar System: Gas Giants and moons
24.3 Section Questions
Nov. 2nd
Describe what the different types of spectra
reveal about stars.
Explain how the Doppler effect is applied to
the motion of stars in relation to Earth.
Describe what astronomers can learn by
studying star properties.
Explain the structure of the sun.
Describe the physical features on the surface
of the sun.
Explain how the sun produces energy.
Go over Quiz Ex. 18
What are Stars?
Go over Section 24.1 Questions together
Demo: Fingerprints of Light
Spectral Analysis Activity
Go over Section 23.3 Questions
Continue with Exercise 18
Terrestrial Planet notes
23.4 Section Questions/notebook check
List the stages of the sun’s life cycle.
Nov. 6th
Explain how distance affects parallax.
List the factors that determine a star’s
apparent magnitude.
Describe the relationship shown on a
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Identify which stage marks the birth of a star.
Explain why all stars eventually die.
Go over Spectral Analysis lab
Go over Starlight PP
Go over 24.2-Sun life cycle
Handout 25.1 and 25.2-look at life cycle of Sun on 25.2
H-R Diagram Lab Activity
25.3 Sect. Questions finish for HW
Nov. 8th
Describe the size and structure of the Milky
Way Galaxy.
List the ways in which galaxies differ from
one another.
Cite the evidence that indicates that the
universe is expanding.
Describe how the universe began according
to the big bang theory.
 Wrap up Astronomy Unit
 Quick Recap of last class
 Go over H-R Diagram HW
 Go over 25.3 Questions
 PP on the Universe/galaxies
 Review handout for Exam
 Unit Exam on Astronomy next Class!
Meteorology Unit
Chapter 17: The Atmosphere
Chapter 18: Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation
Chapter 19: Air Pressure and Wind
Chapter 20: Weather Patterns
Chapter 21: Climate
Indiana State Standards
Understand that both weather and climate involve the transfer of matter and energy throughout the atmosphere and hydrosphere, driven by solar
energy and gravity. (ES.4.3, ES.4.4, ES.4.5, ES.4.6)
SCI.ES.4.1 2010
Examine the origins, structure, composition, and function of Earth’s atmosphere. Include the role of living organisms in the production and
cycling of atmospheric gases.
SCI.ES.4.2 2010
Describe the relationships among evaporation, precipitation, ground water, surface water, and glacial systems in the water cycle. Discuss the
effect of human interactions with the water cycle.
SCI.ES.4.3 2010
Explain the importance of heat transfer between and within the atmosphere, land masses, and bodies of water.
SCI.ES.4.4 2010
Understand and describe the origin, life cycle, and behavior of weather systems and methods of predicting them. Investigate the causes of severe
weather and propose appropriate safety measures that can be taken in the event of severe weather.
SCI.ES.4.5 2010
Explain the role of Milankovitch cycles (rotation, revolution, and procession of axis) on differential heating of Earth, leading to climate changes
such as the cycles of glaciation.
Key Terms: atmosphere, climate, stratosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, ozone layer, thermosphere,
Nov. 12th
Nov. 14th
 Students will be able to compare and contrast
weather and climate
 Students will be able to explain why seasons
occur
 Students will be able to list the layers of the
atmosphere
 Application of objectives from previous class
Nov. 16th
Nov. 20th
Nov. 26th
Nov. 28th
Nov. 30th
Dec. 4th
Dec. 6th
Dec. 10th
Dec. 12th
Dec. 14th
Dec. 18th
Dec. 20th
Astro Unit Exam
Begin Chap 17-handouts 17.1, layers of Atmosphere diagram
Visit the Planetarium
What’s up with the Weather? In class activity with questions
17.2 for Homework
Review for Final Exam
Final Exam
.
Compare and contrast weather and
climate.
Explain why seasonal changes occur.
Explain how heat and temperature are
related.
List the three major mechanisms of heat
transfer.
Describe how the atmosphere is affected
by heat transfer mechanisms.
Explain what a temperature control is.
Compare and contrast the heating of
land and water.
Explain why some clouds reflect a
portion of sunlight back to space.
Identify the gas that is most important for
understanding atmospheric processes.
Describe what happens during a change
of state.
Compare and contrast the abilities of
cold air and warm air to hold water
vapor.
Define relative humidity.
Describe the factors that affect the
relative humidity of air.