Download Measles Clinical Signs and Symptoms

Measles
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Measles
Measles is a highly infectious acute viral disease resulting
from infection with measles virus.
Measles is transmitted via respiratory droplets, or direct
contact with nasal/throat secretions, from infected
individuals.
The incubation period is 7-21 days, usually 10-12 days
until beginning of prodrome and 14 days until appearance
of rash.
Individuals are usually infectious 5 days before to 4 days
after rash onset.
Measles
The EU clinical case definition for measles is:
•any person with fever
AND
•maculo-papular rash
AND at least one of the following three:
•cough
•coryza
•conjunctivitis
Measles
Clinical course of infection
First prodromal symptoms begin after a 10-12 day incubation period.
These can include fever, conjunctivitis, coryza, cough and
bronchiolitis.
Nearly all infected susceptible individuals develop clinical disease.
Koplik’s spots appear on the buccal mucosa 1–2 days before rash
onset and may last for 2-4 days.
Measles rash, an erythematous maculopapular exanthema, develops
2–4 days after the onset of fever and spreads from the head to the
body over the next 3–4 days. The rash, which blanches on pressure
early in the course, fades in the order of appearance during the next 3–
4 days and assumes a nonblanching appearance. The rash is less faint
than for rubella, and, unlike rubella, often coalesces.
Source: CDC
Measles complications
• Ear infections ( 1 in 20)
• Pneumonia/bronchitis (1 in 25)
• Convulsions (1 in 200)
• Diarrhoea (1 in 6)
• Meningitis/encephalitis (1 in 1000)
• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP; Condition affecting blood
clotting) (1 in 6000)
• Late onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) (1 in 8000 in
children under 2 years)
• Deaths (1-2 deaths in 1000 reported cases in recent years)
Complications are more common and more severe in chronically ill
individuals
Koplik’s spots - white spots inside the mouth are common with
measles. They may appear on the buccal mucosa 1-2 days
before rash and last for 2-4 days. Courtesy of Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
Koplik’s spots - white spots inside the mouth are common with measles. They
may appear on the buccal mucosa 1-2 days before rash and last for 2-4 days.
Courtesy New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated http://www.dermnetnz.org
Child with severe measles rash, on face, and upper body.
Measles rash, an erythematous maculopapular exanthema, develops 2–4
days after the onset of fever and spreads from the head to the body over the
next 3–4 days. The rash, which blanches on pressure early in the course,
fades in the order of appearance during the next 3–4 days and assumes a
nonblanching appearance.
Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Face of a boy with measles rash.
Measles rash, an erythematous maculopapular exanthema, develops 2–4
days after the onset of fever and spreads from the head to the body over the
next 3–4 days. The rash, which blanches on pressure early in the course,
fades in the order of appearance during the next 3–4 days and assumes a
nonblanching appearance.
Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Measles rash covering child's arms and stomach.
Measles rash, an erythematous maculopapular exanthema, develops 2–4 days after the
onset of fever and spreads from the head to the body over the next 3–4 days. The rash,
which blanches on pressure early in the course, fades in the order of appearance during
the next 3–4 days and assumes a nonblanching appearance.
Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Characteristic red blotchy rash on child's buttocks and back during third
day of the measles rash.
Measles rash, an erythematous maculopapular exanthema, develops 2–4 days after the onset of
fever and spreads from the head to the body over the next 3–4 days. The rash, which blanches
on pressure early in the course, fades in the order of appearance during the next 3–4 days and
assumes a nonblanching appearance. Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Child in later stages of measles rash (probably has had rash for 4 or 5 days).
Measles rash, an erythematous maculopapular exanthema, develops 2–4 days after the onset of
fever and spreads from the head to the body over the next 3–4 days. The rash, which blanches on
pressure early in the course, fades in the order of appearance during the next 3–4 days and
assumes a nonblanching appearance
.
Courtesy of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention