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Evolution Vocabulary Definitions 1. Evolution change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms 2. Species group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring 3. Population group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area 4. Speciation formation of new species 5. Hypothesis possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question 6. Theory well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations 7. Struggle for existence competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life 8. Survival of the fittest process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection 9. Predator-prey relationship mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by predation 10. Fitness ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment 11. Habitat the area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it 12. Descent with modification principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time 13. Common descent principle that all living things have a common ancestor 14. Artificial Selection selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms 15. Natural Selection process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest 16. Extinct term used to refer to a species that has died out 17. Adaptation inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival 18. Phylogeny the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms 19. Embryo organism in its early stage of development 20. Fossil preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism 21. Geologic Time Scale scale used by paleontologists to represent evolutionary time 22. Homologous Structures structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues 23. Vestigial Organs organ that serves no useful function in an organism 24. Reproductive Isolation separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring 25. Behavioral Isolation form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding 26. Geographic Isolation form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water 27. Temporal Isolation form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times 28. Gene Pool combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population 29. Genetic Drift random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations 30. Hardy-Weinberg principle principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change